• Gallstones and incident colorectal cancer in a large pan-European cohort study.

      Ward, Heather A; Murphy, Neil; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Leitzmann, Michael F; Aglago, Elom; Gunter, Marc J; Freisling, Heinz; Jenab, Mazda; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Severi, Gianluca; et al. (2018-12-26)
      Gallstones, a common gastrointestinal condition, can lead to several digestive complications and can result in inflammation. Risk factors for gallstones include obesity, diabetes, smoking and physical inactivity, all of which are known risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC), as is inflammation. However, it is unclear whether gallstones are a risk factor for CRC. We examined the association between history of gallstones and CRC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, a prospective cohort of over half a million participants from ten European countries. History of gallstones was assessed at baseline using a self-reported questionnaire. The analytic cohort included 334,986 participants; a history of gallstones was reported by 3,917 men and 19,836 women, and incident CRC was diagnosed among 1,832 men and 2,178 women (mean follow-up: 13.6 years). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between gallstones and CRC were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, stratified by sex, study centre and age at recruitment. The models were adjusted for body mass index, diabetes, alcohol intake and physical activity. A positive, marginally significant association was detected between gallstones and CRC among women in multivariable analyses (HR = 1.14, 95%CI 0.99-1.31, p = 0.077). The relationship between gallstones and CRC among men was inverse but not significant (HR = 0.81, 95%CI 0.63-1.04, p = 0.10). Additional adjustment for details of reproductive history or waist circumference yielded minimal changes to the observed associations. Further research is required to confirm the nature of the association between gallstones and CRC by sex.
    • Gap assessment in current soil monitoring networks across Europe for measuring soil functions

      van Leeuwen, J P; Saby, N P A; Jones, A; Louwagie, G; Micheli, E; Rutgers, M; Schulte, R P O; Spiegel, H; Toth, G; Creamer, R E (2017-12-01)
    • Gastric acid suppression, lifestyle factors and intestinal carriage of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales: a nationwide population-based study.

      Willems, Roel P J; van Dijk, Karin; Dierikx, Cindy M; Twisk, Jos W R; van der Klis, Fiona R M; de Greeff, Sabine C; Vandenbroucke-Grauls, Christina M J E (2021-09-22)
    • Gastro-intestinale klachten bij meningokokkeninfectie: Opkomst van serogroep W

      Wunderink, H F; Vlasveld, I N; Knol, M J; van der Ende, A; van Essen, E H R; Kuijper, E J (2017)
      Meningococcal disease usually presents as meningitis and/or septicaemia, but can also present as pneumonia or arthritis. Since 2000, a worldwide increase in meningococcal disease is reported which is caused by a new virulent clone of serogroup W (MenW:cc11). This subtype is more likely to give an atypical clinical presentation and results in high mortality rates.
    • GAVeCeLT-WoCoVA Consensus on subcutaneously anchored securement devices for the securement of venous catheters: Current evidence and recommendations for future research.

      Pinelli, Fulvio; Pittiruti, Mauro; Van Boxtel, Ton; Barone, Giovanni; Biffi, Roberto; Capozzoli, Giuseppe; Crocoli, Alessandro; Elli, Stefano; Elisei, Daniele; Fabiani, Adam; et al. (2020-07-02)
    • GC-MS analysis of e-cigarette refill solutions: A comparison of flavoring composition between flavor categories.

      Krüsemann, Erna J Z; Pennings, Jeroen L A; Cremers, Johannes W J M; Bakker, Frank; Boesveldt, Sanne; Talhout, Reinskje (2020-05-30)
    • Gedrag als sleutel in de pandemie Geleerde lessen, eerste inzichten

      Keijsers, J; Euser, S; Kroese, FM; Sanders, J; Spruijt, P; Zantinge, E; Leurs, M; Kupper, N; Gielis, R; de Bruin, M (2022-07-06)
      "In het document 'Gedrag als sleutel in de pandemie' (d.d. 6 juli 2022) blikt de RIVM Corona Gedragsunit terug op zijn werk tijdens de coronapandemie. Wat zijn de belangrijkste inzichten die zijn opgedaan? Hoe zijn deze inzichten ingebracht en benut tijdens de pandemie? En met het oog op de toekomst: wat kan beter en wat is daarvoor nodig? In het document wordt geschetst hoe de Gedragsunit is opgezet, gevolgd door overstijgende reflecties voor een effectieve inzet van de Gedragsunit. Daarna volgen specifieke lessen geordend in drie blokken: Gedrag en Welzijn, Onderzoek en Implementatie. Kort en bondig, gericht op beleidsmakers, met het oog op de toekomst. Eind 2022 volgt een uitgebreidere versie."
    • Gedrag, Welzijn en Vertrouwen tijdens de COVID-19 Pandemie: Trends, verklaringen en geleerde lessen

      Euser, S; Kroese, F; Lambooij, M; Stok, M; Uiters, E; van den Boom, W; Buitenhuis, A; Dekker, R; van Dijk, M; de Valk, T; et al. (RIVM, 2023-02-17)
      "Gedrag, Welzijn en Vertrouwen tijdens de COVID-19 Pandemie: Trends, verklaringen en geleerde lessen. RIVM Gedragsunit, 17 februari 2023 De Gedragsunit heeft gedurende de coronapandemie veel onderzoek gedaan om het kabinet te kunnen informeren en handelingsperspectieven te bieden om naleving, welzijn en vertrouwen in het coronabeleid te ondersteunen. Dat onderzoek is de basis voor de kennissyntheses in dit document. Het doel van de kennissyntheses is het bijeen brengen van de huidige kennisbasis op zeven inhoudelijke thema’s, waarbij de focus ligt op gedragskennis die relevant is voor een volgende pandemie. [link] Meer informatie: gedragswetenschappelijk onderzoek "
    • Gedwongen opnames voor tuberculose in Nederland, 2000-2017

      de Vries, G; Bakker, M; Huisman, E; Akkerman, O (2018-09-29)
    • Gedwongen opnames voor tuberculose in Nederland, 2000-2019.

      de Vries, G; Akkerman, O; Haringhuizen, G; Huisman, E; Bakker, M (2020-03-12)
    • Geen paniek! : Zelfredzaamheid bij uitbraken van infectieziekten

      Helsloot, I (RIVM, 2006-09-01)
      The understanding of citizen response to disaster is crucial to outbreak management of infectious diseases. Large scale outbreaks cannot be mitigated without the active corporation of citizens. This article shows that citizens in general will not panic, are not helpless and will not start plundering. Inappropriate actions and communication of authorities may cause unwanted reactions of citizen which then are labelled by both authorities and media as panic or irrational behaviour.
    • Geen wetenschappelijke ondergrens voor verplicht vaccineren

      Klinkenberg, D; Veldhuijzen, I K; Ruijs, W L M; de Melker, H E; Wallinga, J; van den Hof, S; van Dissel, J T; van Vliet, J A (2020-05-07)
    • Gender and Educational Differences in the Association between Lifestyle and Cognitive Decline over 10 Years: The Doetinchem Cohort Study.

      Deckers, Kay; Nooyens, Astrid; van Boxtel, Martin; Verhey, Frans; Verschuren, Monique; Köhler, Sebastian (2018-11-28)
      Several modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline have been identified, but whether differences by gender and educational level exist is unclear. The present study aims to clarify this by prospectively investigating the relationship between health- and lifestyle factors and cognitive functioning in different subgroups defined by gender and educational level. 2,347 cognitive healthy individuals (mean age = 54.8, SD = 6.8, range: 41-71; 51.8% female; 26.2% low education) from the Doetinchem Cohort Study were examined for cognitive function at baseline, and at 5- and 10-year follow-up. Health- and lifestyle factors were captured by a poly-environmental risk score labelled 'LIfestyle for BRAin Health' (LIBRA). This score consists of 12 modifiable risk and protective factors for cognitive decline and dementia, with higher scores indicating greater risk (range: -2.7 to +12.7). Heterogeneity in associations between LIBRA and decline in verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, and mental speed between males and females and individuals with different levels of education were assessed in linear mixed models. Overall, higher LIBRA scores predicted faster decline in verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, and mental speed over 10 years. Higher LIBRA scores were further associated with increased risk for incident cognitive impairment (one-point increase in LIBRA: HR = 1.09, 1.04-1.14, p = 0.001). In general, these effects were similar across gender and educational level.
    • Gender asymmetry in concurrent partnerships and HIV prevalence.

      Leung, Ka Yin; Powers, Kimberly A; Kretzschmar, Mirjam (2017)
      The structure of the sexual network of a population plays an essential role in the transmission of HIV. Concurrent partnerships, i.e. partnerships that overlap in time, are important in determining this network structure. Men and women may differ in their concurrent behavior, e.g. in the case of polygyny where women are monogamous while men may have concurrent partnerships. Polygyny has been shown empirically to be negatively associated with HIV prevalence, but the epidemiological impacts of other forms of gender-asymmetric concurrency have not been formally explored. Here we investigate how gender asymmetry in concurrency, including polygyny, can affect the disease dynamics. We use a model for a dynamic network where individuals may have concurrent partners. The maximum possible number of simultaneous partnerships can differ for men and women, e.g. in the case of polygyny. We control for mean partnership duration, mean lifetime number of partners, mean degree, and sexually active lifespan. We assess the effects of gender asymmetry in concurrency on two epidemic phase quantities (R0 and the contribution of the acute HIV stage to R0) and on the endemic HIV prevalence. We find that gender asymmetry in concurrent partnerships is associated with lower levels of all three epidemiological quantities, especially in the polygynous case. This effect on disease transmission can be attributed to changes in network structure, where increasing asymmetry leads to decreasing network connectivity.
    • Gender- and age-dependencies of oxidative stress, as detected based on the steady state concentrations of different biomarkers in the MARK-AGE study.

      Pinchuk, Ilya; Weber, Daniela; Kochlik, Bastian; Stuetz, Wolfgang; Toussaint, Olivier; Debacq-Chainiaux, Florence; Dollé, Martijn E T; Jansen, Eugène H J M; Gonos, Efstathios S; Sikora, Ewa; et al. (2019-06-01)