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Sexually transmitted infections in the Netherlands in 2018
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Series / Report no.
RIVM report 2019-0007
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
en
Date
2019-06-20
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Sexually transmitted infections in the Netherlands in 2018
Translated Title
Seksueel overdraagbare aandoeningen in Nederland in 2018
Published in
Abstract
In 2018 hebben vrijwel evenveel mensen zich bij een Centrum voor Seksuele Gezondheid (CSG) laten testen op seksueel overdraagbare aandoeningen (soa) als in 2017. Het percentage dat daadwerkelijk een soa had bleef gelijk. Chlamydia bleef de meest voorkomende soa onder heteroseksuelen. Bij mannen die seks hebben met mannen (MSM) was gonorroe de meest voorkomende soa. Bij huisartspraktijken nam het aantal soa-consulten toe, voornamelijk onder personen ouder dan 25 jaar.
Bij CSG's kunnen mensen die een grotere kans hebben een soa op te lopen, bijvoorbeeld jongeren onder de 25, zich gratis laten testen. In totaal zijn er in 2018 152.217 consulten geregistreerd bij de CSG's. Het aantal consulten nam af onder vrouwen en heteroseksuele mannen, maar nam toe bij MSM. Bij 18,2 procent van de consulten werd een soa gevonden. Infecties werden het vaakst gevonden bij mensen die waren gewaarschuwd voor een soa, gevolgd door mensen met hiv. Naast de CSG-cijfers worden schattingen voor de hele bevolking gemaakt op basis van gegevens over soa van 367 huisartspraktijken in 2017. Huisartsen voeren het merendeel van de soa-consulten en diagnoses uit.
Chlamydia
In 2018 had 13,9 procent van de CSG-bezoekers een chlamydia-infectie (2 procent minder dan in 2017; 21.021 diagnoses). Het percentage vrouwen en heteroseksuele mannen met chlamydia bleef in de afgelopen 3 jaar stabiel (respectievelijk 15 procent en 18 procent), na een aanhoudende stijging in de voorgaande jaren. Voor MSM ligt dit percentage al jaren rond de 10 procent. Het aantal geschatte diagnoses door huisartsen was in 2017 stabiel ten opzichte van 2016.
Gonorroe
Het aantal gonorroe-diagnoses bij de CSG is het afgelopen jaar met 9 procent toegenomen tot 7.362 infecties. De percentages mensen die het bleken te hebben, bleven stabiel ten opzichte van vorige jaren; laag onder vrouwen (1,7 procent) en heteroseksuele mannen (2,0 procent), en hoger onder MSM (11,2 procent). Het geschatte aantal diagnoses door huisartsen nam toe van 9.000 in 2016 naar 9.550 in 2017. Deze toename was vooral onder vrouwen ouder dan 25 jaar. Bij de CSG is geen antibioticaresistentie tegen het huidige 'eerste keus' antibioticum ceftriaxon gemeld. Wel is er resistentie tegen andere antibiotica. De resistentie tegen azitromycine steeg in de afgelopen jaren van 2 procent in 2012 tot 11 procent in 2018.
Syfilis
In 2018 was het aantal syfilis-diagnoses bij de CSG bijna gelijk aan dat in 2017 (1.224 versus 1.228). Daarvan is 96 procent bij MSM vastgesteld. Dit percentage daalde na een jarenlange stijging licht, van 2,9 procent in 2016 naar 2,6 procent in 2017 en 2,4 procent in 2018. Voornamelijk onder MSM met hiv was het percentage lager. Het percentage vrouwen en heteroseksuele mannen met de infectie bleef in 2018 zeer laag, respectievelijk 0,1 en 0,2 procent.
Hiv
Het aantal nieuwe diagnoses van hiv gesteld bij de CSG's is afgenomen in 2018 (249) ten opzichte van 2017 en 2016 (respectievelijk 286 en 285). Negentig procent van deze diagnoses was bij MSM. Het aantal diagnoses onder vrouwen en heteroseksuele mannen bleef zeer laag. Het aantal mensen met hiv dat in 2018 voor het eerst voor behandeling bij een van de Nederlandse hiv-behandelcentra kwam ('in zorg') was 909, wat minder was dan in 2017 (1.037). In totaal waren in 2018 20.181 mensen met hiv geregistreerd als in zorg.
In 2018, the number of people tested at a Sexual Health Centre (SHC) for a sexually transmitted infection (STI) remained almost the same as in 2017, as did the percentage with an STI. Chlamydia is the most common STI among heterosexuals. Among men who have sex with men (MSM), gonorrhoea was the most frequently diagnosed infection. The number of STI-related consultations with general practitioners (GPs) increased, mainly among people aged over 25. The SHC offer complimentary STI testing to people with a high risk of an STI, for example those aged under 25. A total of 152,217 consultations at SHC were recorded in 2018. The number of consultations among women and heterosexual men declined, whereas an increase was noted among MSM. STIs were detected in 18.2 percent of the consultations, the same as in 2017. Infections were most often found in people who had been notified for STI, followed by those with HIV. In addition to the SHC data, this report includes information about STIs from 367 general practices in 2017, on the basis of which estimates have been made for the Dutch population. GPs perform most of STI-related consultations and diagnoses. Chlamydia In 2018, 13.9 percent (20,021 cases) of SHC visitors were diagnosed with chlamydia, a 2 percent decline compared to 2017. The percentage of women and heterosexual men with chlamydia remained stable between 2016-2018 (15 percent and 18 percent respectively) after a steady increase in the two previous years. For MSM, the percentage has remained stable at 10 percent for many years. The number of GP diagnoses increased in both men and women in 2017 compared to 2016. Gonorrhoea The number of gonorrhoea diagnoses made at SHC increased by 9 percent in 2018 to 7,362 infections. The percentage of people infected remained stable: it was low among women (1.7 percent) and heterosexual men (2.0 percent), and higher among MSM (11.2 percent). The estimated number of infections diagnosed by GPs increased from 9,000 in 2016 to 9,550 in 2017. This increase was mainly found in women aged above 25. At SHC, none of those infected showed resistance to the current 'first-choice' antibiotic, ceftriaxone, however there was resistance to other antibiotics. Resistance to azithromycin has continued to increase: from 2 percent in 2012 to 11 percent in 2018. Syphilis In 2018, there was no change in the number of syphilis diagnoses at SHC compared with 2017; 1,224 versus 1,228 respectively. Of these infections, 96 percent were diagnosed among MSM. After many years of increasing, the percentage of MSM with the infection has declined slowly; from 2.9 percent in 2016, to 2.6 percent in 2017, and 2.4 percent in 2018. This change is mainly due to a lower percentage of syphilis found among MSM with HIV. The number of diagnoses among women and heterosexual men remained very low in 2018, with diagnoses among 0.1 and 0.2 percent respectively among those tested. HIV The number of new diagnoses of HIV made at the SHC in 2018 (249) was lower than in 2017 and 2016, 286 and 285 respectively. Of these, 90 percent were among MSM. The number of diagnoses among women and heterosexual men remained very low. In 2018, 909 people with HIV were treated at Dutch HIV treatment centres ('in care') for the first time; less than in 2017 (1,037). In total, 20,181 people with HIV were registered in care in 2018.
In 2018, the number of people tested at a Sexual Health Centre (SHC) for a sexually transmitted infection (STI) remained almost the same as in 2017, as did the percentage with an STI. Chlamydia is the most common STI among heterosexuals. Among men who have sex with men (MSM), gonorrhoea was the most frequently diagnosed infection. The number of STI-related consultations with general practitioners (GPs) increased, mainly among people aged over 25. The SHC offer complimentary STI testing to people with a high risk of an STI, for example those aged under 25. A total of 152,217 consultations at SHC were recorded in 2018. The number of consultations among women and heterosexual men declined, whereas an increase was noted among MSM. STIs were detected in 18.2 percent of the consultations, the same as in 2017. Infections were most often found in people who had been notified for STI, followed by those with HIV. In addition to the SHC data, this report includes information about STIs from 367 general practices in 2017, on the basis of which estimates have been made for the Dutch population. GPs perform most of STI-related consultations and diagnoses. Chlamydia In 2018, 13.9 percent (20,021 cases) of SHC visitors were diagnosed with chlamydia, a 2 percent decline compared to 2017. The percentage of women and heterosexual men with chlamydia remained stable between 2016-2018 (15 percent and 18 percent respectively) after a steady increase in the two previous years. For MSM, the percentage has remained stable at 10 percent for many years. The number of GP diagnoses increased in both men and women in 2017 compared to 2016. Gonorrhoea The number of gonorrhoea diagnoses made at SHC increased by 9 percent in 2018 to 7,362 infections. The percentage of people infected remained stable: it was low among women (1.7 percent) and heterosexual men (2.0 percent), and higher among MSM (11.2 percent). The estimated number of infections diagnosed by GPs increased from 9,000 in 2016 to 9,550 in 2017. This increase was mainly found in women aged above 25. At SHC, none of those infected showed resistance to the current 'first-choice' antibiotic, ceftriaxone, however there was resistance to other antibiotics. Resistance to azithromycin has continued to increase: from 2 percent in 2012 to 11 percent in 2018. Syphilis In 2018, there was no change in the number of syphilis diagnoses at SHC compared with 2017; 1,224 versus 1,228 respectively. Of these infections, 96 percent were diagnosed among MSM. After many years of increasing, the percentage of MSM with the infection has declined slowly; from 2.9 percent in 2016, to 2.6 percent in 2017, and 2.4 percent in 2018. This change is mainly due to a lower percentage of syphilis found among MSM with HIV. The number of diagnoses among women and heterosexual men remained very low in 2018, with diagnoses among 0.1 and 0.2 percent respectively among those tested. HIV The number of new diagnoses of HIV made at the SHC in 2018 (249) was lower than in 2017 and 2016, 286 and 285 respectively. Of these, 90 percent were among MSM. The number of diagnoses among women and heterosexual men remained very low. In 2018, 909 people with HIV were treated at Dutch HIV treatment centres ('in care') for the first time; less than in 2017 (1,037). In total, 20,181 people with HIV were registered in care in 2018.
Description
Publisher
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
Sponsors
Ministerie van VWS