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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
2000-08-14
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Kosteneffectiviteit van
milieumaatregelen
Translated Title
Cost-effectiveness of environmental
measures
Published in
Abstract
Het doel van deze studie was tweeledig, namelijk
enerzijds het maken van een actueel en volledig maatregelbestand voor
maatregelen gericht op verzurende emissies, mede met het oog op de 5de
Milieuverkenning en het NMP4. Anderzijds stond het beschrijven van de
gehanteerde methode om kosteneffectiviteit te berekenen centraal.
Kosteneffectiviteit wordt in deze studie gedefinieerd als de kosten per
vermeden eenheid gereduceerde emissie. Er is sprake van een hoge mate van
kosteneffectiviteit als de kosten per eenheid laag zijn. De resultaten die
in de analyse zijn meegenomen hebben uitsluitend betrekking op de set van
maatregelen die voor dit project is doorgerekend. De doorgerekende set van
maatregelen leidt in 2020 tot een emissiereductie van circa 9 miljard
zuurequivalenten ten opzichte van 1995. De gemiddelde kosteneffectiviteit
van deze emissiereductie bedraagt zo'n 450 gulden per 1000 zuurequivalenten.
De doelgroep verkeer neemt ongeveer de helft van deze reductie voor zijn
rekening tegen gemiddeld de hoogste kosten. Door de maatregelen bij verkeer
worden naast verzurende emissies echter ook VOS, fijn stof en koolmonoxide
gereduceerd. Door de doelgroep industrie wordt een kwart van deze totale
emissiereductie gerealiseerd tegen gemiddeld de laagste kosten. Een
halvering of verdubbeling van het gehanteerde rentepercentage leidt wel tot
een significante daling of stijging van de totale kosten voor NOx, maar
nauwelijks tot verschuiving van maatregelen op de kosteneffectiviteitscurve.
Vergelijken van volumemaatregelen met technische maatregelen op basis van de
directe kosten heeft slechts beperkte waarde, omdat met name bij
volumemaatregelen de indirecte kosten en baten in hogere mate bepalend zijn
dan bij technische maatregelen.
The main aims of this study were to describe the method for calculating the cost-effectiveness of environmental measures, including the determination of the sensitivity on some of the parameters used for the cost-effectiveness calculations, and to gather and store information on the costs and effects of environmental measures. Defined in this study as the costs per unit avoided emission, the cost-effectiveness is relatively high when the costs per unit are low. To calculate cost-effectiveness a calculating model and database built in Excel were used. The total emission reduction of the package of measures analysed in this study is approximately 9 billion acid equivalents in 2020 compared to 1995. The average cost-effectiveness of this emission reduction is about 200 Euro per 1000 acid equivalents. Measures applied to traffic contribute half of the total emission reduction, contrasted the highest average costs for this group. However, these traffic measures also reduce VOC, fine particles and carbon monoxide. Measures taken by industry are contrasted to the lowest average costs, amounting to a quarter of the total emission reduction in 2020. Halving or doubling the interest rate or depreciation period leads to a considerable change in costs, but hardly influences the sequence of measures on the cost-effectiveness curve for NOx. Comparison of volume measures with technical measures based on only direct costs has limited value. The indirect costs and benefits appear to have more influence on volume measures.
The main aims of this study were to describe the method for calculating the cost-effectiveness of environmental measures, including the determination of the sensitivity on some of the parameters used for the cost-effectiveness calculations, and to gather and store information on the costs and effects of environmental measures. Defined in this study as the costs per unit avoided emission, the cost-effectiveness is relatively high when the costs per unit are low. To calculate cost-effectiveness a calculating model and database built in Excel were used. The total emission reduction of the package of measures analysed in this study is approximately 9 billion acid equivalents in 2020 compared to 1995. The average cost-effectiveness of this emission reduction is about 200 Euro per 1000 acid equivalents. Measures applied to traffic contribute half of the total emission reduction, contrasted the highest average costs for this group. However, these traffic measures also reduce VOC, fine particles and carbon monoxide. Measures taken by industry are contrasted to the lowest average costs, amounting to a quarter of the total emission reduction in 2020. Halving or doubling the interest rate or depreciation period leads to a considerable change in costs, but hardly influences the sequence of measures on the cost-effectiveness curve for NOx. Comparison of volume measures with technical measures based on only direct costs has limited value. The indirect costs and benefits appear to have more influence on volume measures.
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