Integrated Criteria Document Fine Particulate Matter
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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
en
Date
1996-01-31
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Integrated Criteria Document Fine Particulate
Matter
Translated Title
Basisdocument Fijn Stof
Published in
Abstract
Dit document rapporteert gegevens over fijn stof
betreffende bronnen en emissies, blootstellingsniveaus, effectniveaus,
risico's en de technische mogelijkheden om deze risico's te reduceren. Deze
informatie vormt de wetenschappelijke basis voor de formulering van een
effect-gericht milieubeleid in Nederland. De aard van het fijn stof en het
aandeel van fijn stof, SO2 en NO2 in het luchtverontreinigingsmengsel is
veranderend. In de huidige situatie zijn de fijn stof en NO2 concentraties
relatief hoog en de SO2 concentraties relatief laag. Het huidige fijne stof
is opgebouwd uit ongeveer evenveel primair als secundair aerosol.
(Gecorrigeerde) metingen wijzen uit dat de huidige Nederlandse advieswaarden
voor PM10 van 40 mug per kubieke meter (jaargemiddeld) en 140 mug per
kubieke meter (daggemiddelde) in het hele land worden overschreden.
Nederlandse en Amerikaanse studies, uitgevoerd bij
luchtverontreinigingssituaties enigermate karakteristiek voor het nieuwe
episode mengsel, tonen aan dat daggemiddelde concentraties van lager dan 140
mug per kubieke meter geassocieerd zijn met verscheidene effecten. In een
studie werden ook aanwijzingen gevonden voor het optreden van effecten bij
kinderen bij jaargemiddelde concentraties rond 40 mug per kubieke meter. Er
werd geconcludeerd dat beide advieswaarden naar beneden bijgesteld dienen te
worden. Bij de huidige Nederlandse blootstellingsniveaus van PM10 kunnen
effecten optreden. De emissies van primair en (voorlopers van) secundair
fijn stof zullen verder afnemen ten gevolge van het huidige beleid en
sociaal-economische scenario's. De reducties in PM10 emissies (na 1990)
zijn met name gerealiseerd door de industrie; er wordt bijna geen
emissiereductie verwacht bij bronnen, die op lokale schaal bijdragen aan
episoden (zoals verkeer). De jaargemiddelde fijn stof niveaus zouden door
het huidige beleid mogelijk tot ruim onder 40 mug per kubieke meter kunnen
dalen, mits buitenlandse bronnen evenveel afnemen als de Nederlandse. Na
het afronden van dit document (april 1993) is een aantal (concept)
publicaties verschenen betreffende het verband tussen fijn stof en acute
effecten. De resultaten van deze studies vormen een verdere ondersteuning
van de in dit document getrokken conclusies. De betreffende studies zijn
niet apart beschreven.
This document reports data on fine particulate matter with regard to sources and emissions, exposure levels, effect levels, risks, and technical possibilities for reducing these risks. The information provides the scientific basis for formulating an effect-directed standardization policy in the Netherlands. The composition of fine particulate matter and the proportions of fine particulate matter, SO2 and NO2 in the air pollutant mix in the Netherlands have changed. In the present situation, the fine particulate and NO2 concentrations are relatively high; the SO2 concentrations are relatively low. The present fine particulate matter is composed of approximately equal portions of primary and secondary aerosols. (Corrected) measurements show that the current Dutch recommended limits for PM10 of 40 mug per cubic metre (annual mean) and 140 mug per cubic metre (daily mean) are exceeded throughout the Netherlands. Dutch and American studies, carried out in air pollution situations somewhat characteristic of the new air pollutant mixture, showed 24-hour PM10 concentrations of lower than 140 mug per cubic metre to be associated with various effects. One study also indicated the occurrence of effects in children at annual mean concentrations of around 40 mug per cubic metre. It was concluded that both recommended limits should be revised downwards. At the current Dutch exposure levels of PM10 effects can occur. The emissions of primary and (precursors of) secondary fine particulate matter will further decrease as a result of existing policy and socio-economic scenarios. Reductions in fine particulate matter emissions (after 1990) have mainly taken place in industry; almost no emission reduction is expected from sources contributing to episodes on a local scale (e.g. transportation). The annual mean fine particulate matter concentration could possibly fall to well below 40 mug per cubic metre as a result of current policy, provided foreign emissions decrease by the same percentages as those in the Netherlands. After the completion of this document (April 1993) a number of (draft) publications appeared on the relationship between fine particulate matter and acute effects. The results of these studies further confirm the conclusions drawn up in the present document. The studies in question have not been described separately.
This document reports data on fine particulate matter with regard to sources and emissions, exposure levels, effect levels, risks, and technical possibilities for reducing these risks. The information provides the scientific basis for formulating an effect-directed standardization policy in the Netherlands. The composition of fine particulate matter and the proportions of fine particulate matter, SO2 and NO2 in the air pollutant mix in the Netherlands have changed. In the present situation, the fine particulate and NO2 concentrations are relatively high; the SO2 concentrations are relatively low. The present fine particulate matter is composed of approximately equal portions of primary and secondary aerosols. (Corrected) measurements show that the current Dutch recommended limits for PM10 of 40 mug per cubic metre (annual mean) and 140 mug per cubic metre (daily mean) are exceeded throughout the Netherlands. Dutch and American studies, carried out in air pollution situations somewhat characteristic of the new air pollutant mixture, showed 24-hour PM10 concentrations of lower than 140 mug per cubic metre to be associated with various effects. One study also indicated the occurrence of effects in children at annual mean concentrations of around 40 mug per cubic metre. It was concluded that both recommended limits should be revised downwards. At the current Dutch exposure levels of PM10 effects can occur. The emissions of primary and (precursors of) secondary fine particulate matter will further decrease as a result of existing policy and socio-economic scenarios. Reductions in fine particulate matter emissions (after 1990) have mainly taken place in industry; almost no emission reduction is expected from sources contributing to episodes on a local scale (e.g. transportation). The annual mean fine particulate matter concentration could possibly fall to well below 40 mug per cubic metre as a result of current policy, provided foreign emissions decrease by the same percentages as those in the Netherlands. After the completion of this document (April 1993) a number of (draft) publications appeared on the relationship between fine particulate matter and acute effects. The results of these studies further confirm the conclusions drawn up in the present document. The studies in question have not been described separately.
Description
dit rapport is de Engelse versie van rapport nummer
710401029
Publisher
Sponsors
DGM/SVS