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Monitor Mentale gezondheid en Middelengebruik Studenten hoger onderwijs. Deelrapport II. Middelengebruik van studenten in het hoger onderwijs
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Series / Report no.
RIVM rapport 2021-0195
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
2021-11-11
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Monitor Mentale gezondheid en Middelengebruik Studenten hoger onderwijs. Deelrapport II. Middelengebruik van studenten in het hoger onderwijs
Translated Title
Substance use among students in higher education
Published in
Abstract
Voor het eerst is landelijk onderzocht hoe het gaat met het middelengebruik van studenten in het hoger beroepsonderwijs en op de universiteit. Ruim 28.000 studenten vulden hiervoor in het voorjaar van 2021 een vragenlijst in over het gebruik van alcohol, drugs, tabak en over gamen. Ook is in kaart gebracht welke factoren met het middelengebruik samenhangen.
Studenten die veel middelen gebruiken zijn vaker mannelijke studenten en studenten die op kamers wonen. Vergeleken met leeftijdsgenoten die niet studeren of de bevolking in zijn geheel, drinken studenten meer alcohol en gebruiken meer drugs, vooral cannabis en xtc. Dit ondanks de maatregelen om de verspreiding van het coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 te beperken, zoals de sluiting van de horeca en de avondklok. Wel zegt een groot deel van de studenten dat ze minder alcohol en xtc gebruiken dan voor de coronacrisis. Dat geldt niet voor cannabisgebruik: ruim een kwart van de gebruikers gebruikt dat vaker.
Er is geen duidelijke samenhang gevonden tussen het gebruik van alcohol en xtc en mentale problemen, zoals stress en eenzaamheid. Een verband met mentale gezondheid is wel te zien bij studenten die veel cannabis gebruiken of veel gamen.
Verder valt op dat studenten die vaak middelen gebruiken, ook vaker een hoge studieschuld hebben. Meer onderzoek is nodig om te ontdekken wat de precieze redenen zijn voor de relatie tussen middelengebruik en studieschuld.
In dit onderzoek is voor het eerst in kaart gebracht hoe vaak studenten concentratieverhogende middelen gebruiken, zoals Ritalin, zonder doktersvoorschrift. Een op de twintig studenten heeft dat in de 12 maanden voorafgaand aan het invullen van de vragenlijst één keer of vaker gedaan. Dat zijn vooral studenten die veel stress en prestatiedruk ervaren en studenten met concentratie-, lees- en rekenproblemen.
De cijfers laten zien dat er meer aandacht nodig is om problemen door middelengebruik bij studenten te voorkomen. Zowel vanuit landelijk en lokaal beleid als het onderwijs zelf.
Het is de eerste keer dat het middelengebruik van studenten voor heel Nederland in kaart is gebracht. Het onderzoek zal de komende jaren worden herhaald om te kijken hoe dit zich ontwikkelt. En ook om na te gaan in hoeverre de invloed van corona blijft voortduren.
Het Trimbos-instituut, het RIVM en GGD GHOR Nederland hebben deze studentenmonitor opgezet en uitgevoerd. Dit is gedaan op verzoek van de ministeries van OCW en VWS.
In the first nationwide study of its kind, researchers have looked at the use of substances among students in higher professional and academic education. The study involved a survey among over 28,000 students, in the spring of 2021, on their use of alcohol, drugs, tobacco and on gaming. The researchers also identified the factors associated with substance use. Heavy substance users are more likely to be male and living in rented rooms. Compared with their peers who are not in education or with the overall population, students drink more alcohol and use more drugs, especially cannabis and XTC. They did so even while there were measures in place to prevent the spread of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), such as closure of the hospitality sector and a nationwide curfew. Many students do point out, however, that they consume less alcohol and XTC than they did before the coronavirus crisis. Cannabis is an exception; a quarter of users actually say their they are now consuming more of it. The researchers did not find any clear connection between alcohol and XTC consumption on the one hand and mental health issues, such as stress and loneliness, on the other. They did find a link with mental health among students who use a lot of cannabis or spend much of their time gaming. Another notable finding was that students who use substances a lot also tend to have a higher student loan to pay back. More research is necessary to find out exactly why there is this link between substance use and student loans. For the first time, researchers have established how often students use concentration-improving substances, such as Ritalin, other than on prescription. One in twenty students say they did so at least once during the twelve months before the survey. Many of these students experience high levels of stress and pressure to perform, or have concentration difficulties or problems with reading and arithmetic. The figures show there is a need for a greater focus – in national and local policy as well as within the education sector itself – on preventing problems among students caused by substance use. This is the first study on substance use among students that covers the Netherlands as a whole. The study will be repeated in the coming years to monitor developments, and to find out to what extent the coronavirus crisis continues to have an effect. The Trimbos Institute, RIVM and the Netherlands Municipal Public Health Services and Medical Assistance in Accidents and Disasters (GGD GHOR Nederland) designed and carried out the student monitor survey. They did so on the instruction of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.
In the first nationwide study of its kind, researchers have looked at the use of substances among students in higher professional and academic education. The study involved a survey among over 28,000 students, in the spring of 2021, on their use of alcohol, drugs, tobacco and on gaming. The researchers also identified the factors associated with substance use. Heavy substance users are more likely to be male and living in rented rooms. Compared with their peers who are not in education or with the overall population, students drink more alcohol and use more drugs, especially cannabis and XTC. They did so even while there were measures in place to prevent the spread of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), such as closure of the hospitality sector and a nationwide curfew. Many students do point out, however, that they consume less alcohol and XTC than they did before the coronavirus crisis. Cannabis is an exception; a quarter of users actually say their they are now consuming more of it. The researchers did not find any clear connection between alcohol and XTC consumption on the one hand and mental health issues, such as stress and loneliness, on the other. They did find a link with mental health among students who use a lot of cannabis or spend much of their time gaming. Another notable finding was that students who use substances a lot also tend to have a higher student loan to pay back. More research is necessary to find out exactly why there is this link between substance use and student loans. For the first time, researchers have established how often students use concentration-improving substances, such as Ritalin, other than on prescription. One in twenty students say they did so at least once during the twelve months before the survey. Many of these students experience high levels of stress and pressure to perform, or have concentration difficulties or problems with reading and arithmetic. The figures show there is a need for a greater focus – in national and local policy as well as within the education sector itself – on preventing problems among students caused by substance use. This is the first study on substance use among students that covers the Netherlands as a whole. The study will be repeated in the coming years to monitor developments, and to find out to what extent the coronavirus crisis continues to have an effect. The Trimbos Institute, RIVM and the Netherlands Municipal Public Health Services and Medical Assistance in Accidents and Disasters (GGD GHOR Nederland) designed and carried out the student monitor survey. They did so on the instruction of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.
Description
Publisher
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
Sponsors
Ministerie van OCW ;
Ministerie van VWS