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Advies tot monitoren van mogelijke risicovolle uitstoot door mestverwerkers - onderbouwd met microbiologische metingen en modellering
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Series / Report no.
RIVM rapport 2024-0204
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
2024-12-09
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Advies tot monitoren van mogelijke risicovolle uitstoot door mestverwerkers - onderbouwd met microbiologische metingen en modellering
Translated Title
Advice for monitoring of possible risk emissions from manure processing - substantiated with microbiological analyses and modelling
Published in
Abstract
In mest zitten micro-organismen, zoals bacteriën en virussen. Sommige micro-organismen kunnen mensen ziek maken als ze ermee in contact komen. Dit kan gebeuren door direct contact, door lucht in te ademen waarin deze micro-organismen zitten of door besmet water in te slikken, bijvoorbeeld tijdens het zwemmen in oppervlaktewater waar mest in is terechtgekomen. In Nederland wordt steeds meer mest verwerkt, onder andere omdat er minder mest op het land mag worden gebruikt. De mest wordt op veehouderijen in mestverwerkingsinstallaties verwerkt of door speciale mestverwerkingsbedrijven die mest van verschillende veehouderijen verwerken (gecentraliseerde mestverwerkingsinstallaties). Bij de verwerking van mest kunnen sommige micro-organismen doodgaan en andere juist blijven leven. De provincie Noord-Brabant wil dat mestverwerkingsinstallaties hun uitstoot van micro-organismen zo veel mogelijk verminderen. Ze wil daarom weten hoe micro-organismen in de lucht rondom mestverwerking efficiënt kunnen worden gemeten. Het RIVM heeft hiermee een begin gemaakt door bacteriën in de lucht te meten op verschillende afstanden van twee varkensbedrijven die zelf mest verwerken. Dit is om praktische redenen gedaan tot 100 meter van de mestverwerkingsinstallatie. Het RIVM heeft twee soorten bacteriën gekozen die de mestverwerking kunnen overleven en makkelijk zijn te meten (intestinale enterokokken en sporen van sulfiet-reducerende Clostridia). Het is te bewerkelijk om alle micro-organismen te meten. Met een model dat het RIVM heeft gemaakt kan worden berekend hoe de bacteriën zich over een grotere afstand door de lucht verspreiden. De gemeten soorten bacteriën zijn in zowel verse als verwerkte mest, en in de lucht gevonden. De modelberekeningen laten zien dat de concentraties steeds lager worden als de afstand tot het bedrijf groter wordt. Meer metingen in mest en lucht zijn nodig om zeker te weten hoeveel bacteriën door mestverwerking in de lucht komen. Ook is het belangrijk om meer luchtmetingen te hebben van gecentraliseerde mestverwerkingsinstallaties. Dan is pas zeker dat de uitstoot uit de mestverwerking komt en niet uit de stallen op een veehouderij die zelf aan mestverwerking doet.
Manure contains micro-organisms, such as bacteria and viruses. Humans may become ill when they are exposed to some of these micro-organisms. Exposure to these micro-organisms may happen through direct contact, inhalation of air which contains these micro-organisms or by ingestion of contaminated water, for instance during swimming in surface water in which manure has landed. In the Netherlands, manure is more and more often processed. One of the reasons is that it is no longer allowed to apply large amounts of fresh manure on the land. Manure is processed in manure processing plants at livestock farms or by specialized manure processing companies that process manure from various livestock farms (so-called centralized manure processing plants). During the processing of manure, some micro-organisms may die-off whereas others stay alive. The Dutch province of North-Brabant wants manure processing plants to reduce their emission of micro-organisms as much as possible. Therefore, they want to know how to monitor micro-organisms in the air surrounding manure processing plants efficiently. For this, RIVM has started to measure bacteria in the air at various distances from two pig farms that process their own manure. For practical reasons this was done up to 100 m from the manure processing plant. RIVM has chosen two types of bacteria that can survive manure processing and that are easy to measure (intestinal enterococci and spores of sulphite reducing Clostridium). It is too laborious to measure all micro-organisms. A model created by RIVM can calculate the spread of these bacteria through the air over longer distances. The two types of bacteria were detected in both fresh and processed manure, as well as in the air. Model calculations showed that the concentrations decline with increasing distance to the farm. Additional measurements of these bacteria in manure and air are necessary to determine with more certainty how many bacteria actually enter the air through manure processing. It is also important to do more measurements at centralized manure processing plants. This is to make sure that the emission comes from manure processing and not from stables, which may be the case at livestock farms that process their own manure.
Manure contains micro-organisms, such as bacteria and viruses. Humans may become ill when they are exposed to some of these micro-organisms. Exposure to these micro-organisms may happen through direct contact, inhalation of air which contains these micro-organisms or by ingestion of contaminated water, for instance during swimming in surface water in which manure has landed. In the Netherlands, manure is more and more often processed. One of the reasons is that it is no longer allowed to apply large amounts of fresh manure on the land. Manure is processed in manure processing plants at livestock farms or by specialized manure processing companies that process manure from various livestock farms (so-called centralized manure processing plants). During the processing of manure, some micro-organisms may die-off whereas others stay alive. The Dutch province of North-Brabant wants manure processing plants to reduce their emission of micro-organisms as much as possible. Therefore, they want to know how to monitor micro-organisms in the air surrounding manure processing plants efficiently. For this, RIVM has started to measure bacteria in the air at various distances from two pig farms that process their own manure. For practical reasons this was done up to 100 m from the manure processing plant. RIVM has chosen two types of bacteria that can survive manure processing and that are easy to measure (intestinal enterococci and spores of sulphite reducing Clostridium). It is too laborious to measure all micro-organisms. A model created by RIVM can calculate the spread of these bacteria through the air over longer distances. The two types of bacteria were detected in both fresh and processed manure, as well as in the air. Model calculations showed that the concentrations decline with increasing distance to the farm. Additional measurements of these bacteria in manure and air are necessary to determine with more certainty how many bacteria actually enter the air through manure processing. It is also important to do more measurements at centralized manure processing plants. This is to make sure that the emission comes from manure processing and not from stables, which may be the case at livestock farms that process their own manure.
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Publisher
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM