Luchtvaart en milieu: indicatieve effecten van heffingen en substitutie naar rail
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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
1997-10-31
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Luchtvaart en milieu: indicatieve effecten van
heffingen en substitutie naar rail
Translated Title
Aviation and the environment: indicative effects
of levies and substitution to rail
Published in
Abstract
Op verzoek van de Commissie vergroening belastingen
zijn de gevolgen doorgerekend van enkele heffingen, gericht op de luchtvaart
en de substitutie van luchtvaartpassagiers naar rail. Bij de heffingen gaat
het om kerosineheffingen en heffingen op tickets. Uit de berekeningen
blijkt, dat dergelijke heffingen forse effecten kunnen hebben op het aantal
Schipholpassagiers en de CO2-emissie door de luchtvaart, vooral, wanneer ze
mondiaal worden ingevoerd. Heffingen op brandstof hebben een relatief
groter effect op de CO2-emissie dan heffingen op tickets, aangezien ze tot
(extra) efficiencymaatregelen leiden. Substitutie van luchtvaart naar rail
(HSL) leidt tot een lagere CO2- en NOx-emissie, aangezien per
reizigerskilometer de HSL een veel lagere CO2-emissie (82%) en NOx-emissie
(96% lager) heeft dan een luchtvaartpassagier.
A working group commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Finance is investigating the possibilities of introducing a 'greener' tax system in the Netherlands. At the request of this working group, the Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has quantified the environmental impacts of taxes on jet fuel and on tickets, and of the substitution of air passenger transport with rail transport. The investigation showed that taxes on jet fuel and tickets have a relatively large impact on the number of air passengers going through Schiphol and on CO2 emissions from aircraft, especially concerning global taxes. Because they encourage efficiency measures, jet taxes on fuel have a relatively higher impact on CO2 emissions than taxes on tickets. (Future) CO2 emission per aircraft passenger will be about five times higher and NOx emission about 25 times higher than emissions from high-speed rail. Therefore substitution from air to high speed rail will result in lower CO2 and NOx emissions.
A working group commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Finance is investigating the possibilities of introducing a 'greener' tax system in the Netherlands. At the request of this working group, the Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has quantified the environmental impacts of taxes on jet fuel and on tickets, and of the substitution of air passenger transport with rail transport. The investigation showed that taxes on jet fuel and tickets have a relatively large impact on the number of air passengers going through Schiphol and on CO2 emissions from aircraft, especially concerning global taxes. Because they encourage efficiency measures, jet taxes on fuel have a relatively higher impact on CO2 emissions than taxes on tickets. (Future) CO2 emission per aircraft passenger will be about five times higher and NOx emission about 25 times higher than emissions from high-speed rail. Therefore substitution from air to high speed rail will result in lower CO2 and NOx emissions.
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DGM/B