Emissie van Polycyclische Aromatische Koolwaterstoffen (PAK) uit diverse bouwmaterialen en afvalstoffen
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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
1995-03-31
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Emissie van Polycyclische Aromatische
Koolwaterstoffen (PAK) uit diverse bouwmaterialen en
afvalstoffen
Translated Title
Emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
from some building materials and wastes
Published in
Abstract
Het RIVM ontwikkelt een set van uitloogproeven voor
organische componenten in het kader van het Taakstellend Plan ter
ondersteuning van de normcommissie 390011 afvalstoffen'(TSP). In onderhavig
onderzoek zijn de emissies van Polycyclische Aromatische Koolwaterstoffen
(PAK) uit diverse materialen bepaald middels de kolom- en cascadeproef voor
PAK. Op basis van latere studies is echter gebleken dat PAK adsorptie aan
de gebruikte testopstelling voor de uitloogproeven optreedt en dat bovendien
deze adsorptie beperkt kan worden door een aantal aanpassingen. In
vergelijking met de verbeterde testmethode resulteert de werkwijze in deze
studie in lagere PAK emissies. Kolom- en cascadeproeven zijn met de
volgende bouwmaterialen en afvalstoffen uitgevoerd: drie gronden met
verschillende mate van PAK verontreiniging, metselwerkgranulaat,
betongranulaat, zeefzand, twee asfaltmonsters met verschillend teergehalte,
AVI-bodemas, straalgrit, industriele vliegas en baggerspecie. De emissie
van het totaal aan 10 PAK uit deze materialen lag doorgaans tussen circa 1
en 15 mug/kg. Alleen de emissies uit de zwaar verontreinigde grond en het
asfalt met teer lagen vele malen hoger (165 en 17540 mug/kg). De laag
moleculaire PAK zijn het meest oplosbaar in water, hierdoor waren de
emissies van deze PAK ook hoger dan die van de hoog moleculaire PAK. De
gemiddelde PAK concentratie in de kolomproef is indicatief vergeleken met
een aantal normen voor water, waaruit bleek dat een aantal PAK concentraties
in het eluaat van het asfalt met hoog teergehalte en van de zwaar
verontreinigde grond boven de (oude) B-waarde voor grondwater lag. In deze
studie is ook de bepaling van de PAK emissie. Doordat een lagere pH en
verkleining van de deeltjesgrootte (<125 mum) weinig invloed had op de PAK
emissie van PAK, is geconcludeerd dat de huidige beschikbaarheidsproef niet
geschikt is voor de bepaling van de drijvende kracht voor PAK uitloging. In
deze studie zijn de PAK emissie uit diverse bouw- en afvalstoffen bepaald.
Aanbevolen wordt om voor het opzetten van een normstelling op basis van PAK
uitloging uit bouwmaterialen, het uitloogmechanisme van PAK in de tijd, de
parameters die de uitloging bepalen en de relatie tussen laboratorium
experimenten en praktijk te onderzoeken.
Within the framework of the Terms of Reference Plan for normalization commission 390011 on materials', the RIVM has developed a set of leaching tests for various organic compounds. In this study the emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of several materials were determined using the draft column and serial batch test for PAH. On the basis of follow-up studies PAH adsorption was seen to occur on the equipment used for the leaching tests and furthermore this adsorption was shown to be minimalized through several adaptations. When compared with the adapted test method, this method results in lower PAH emissions. Column and serial batch tests were carried out using the following materials: three kinds of soil containing different PAH concentrations, demolition waste, concrete waste, sieve sand, two asphalt samples containing different tar concentrations, municipal incinerator bottom ash, blasting sand, fly-ash (industrial) and dredging sludge. The emissions from the total of 10 PAH from these materials were usually between about 1 and 15 mug/kg. Only the emissions from the heavily contaminated soil and the asphalt with tar emission were higher (165 and 17540 mug/kg respectively). The low molecular PAH are most soluble in water, because of this these PAH emissions were higher than those of the high molecular PAH. The mean PAH concentration in the column test was indicatively compared with limits for water ; from this it appeared that some PAH concentrations in the eluate of the asphalt with tar and of the heavily contaminated soil were higher than the (former) B-value for groundwater. A lower pH and reduction of the particle size to smaller than 125 mum had little influence on the PAH emissions, therefore it was concluded that the current inorganic components for leaching' was not useful in determining the driving force behind PAH leaching. In this study PAH emissions from several materials were determined. For standard-setting research is still needed into the leaching mechanism of PAH and the relation between laboratory experiments and practice.
Within the framework of the Terms of Reference Plan for normalization commission 390011 on materials', the RIVM has developed a set of leaching tests for various organic compounds. In this study the emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of several materials were determined using the draft column and serial batch test for PAH. On the basis of follow-up studies PAH adsorption was seen to occur on the equipment used for the leaching tests and furthermore this adsorption was shown to be minimalized through several adaptations. When compared with the adapted test method, this method results in lower PAH emissions. Column and serial batch tests were carried out using the following materials: three kinds of soil containing different PAH concentrations, demolition waste, concrete waste, sieve sand, two asphalt samples containing different tar concentrations, municipal incinerator bottom ash, blasting sand, fly-ash (industrial) and dredging sludge. The emissions from the total of 10 PAH from these materials were usually between about 1 and 15 mug/kg. Only the emissions from the heavily contaminated soil and the asphalt with tar emission were higher (165 and 17540 mug/kg respectively). The low molecular PAH are most soluble in water, because of this these PAH emissions were higher than those of the high molecular PAH. The mean PAH concentration in the column test was indicatively compared with limits for water ; from this it appeared that some PAH concentrations in the eluate of the asphalt with tar and of the heavily contaminated soil were higher than the (former) B-value for groundwater. A lower pH and reduction of the particle size to smaller than 125 mum had little influence on the PAH emissions, therefore it was concluded that the current inorganic components for leaching' was not useful in determining the driving force behind PAH leaching. In this study PAH emissions from several materials were determined. For standard-setting research is still needed into the leaching mechanism of PAH and the relation between laboratory experiments and practice.
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