Comparison of measured NH4 level and NO emission to declared tar and nicotine values of hundred cigarette brands
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Open Access
Type
Report
Language
en
Date
2003-07-04
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Comparison of measured NH4 level and NO emission to
declared tar and nicotine values of hundred cigarette
brands
Translated Title
Analyse van ammonium in tabak en stikstofoxide in
sigarettenrook van 100 sigaretten merken. Vergelijking met gedeclareerde
teer en nicotine waarden
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Abstract
De algemene hypothese bestaat dat NH4 gehalte in
sigaretten en NO concentratie in sigarettenrook de nicotine beschikbaarheid
in de longen beinvloedt en daardoor ook een factor speelt bij de
tabaksverslaving. Een correlatie tussen het NH4 gehalte, de NO emissie en
de gedeclareerde nicotine waarde kan gebruikt worden om de hypothese te
ondersteunen. Het doel van dit rapport is om na te gaan of er een
onderlinge correlatie bestaat tussen het NH4 gehalte, de stikstofoxide
concentratie en de gedeclareerde teer en nicotine waarden. In dit rapport
werden ammonium gehaltes in sigaretten en stikstof oxide (NO) in
sigarettenrook van 100 verschillende sigaretten soorten bepaald. Het NH4
gehalte van de sigaretten werd via een extractiemethode bepaald. NO
concentratie in sigarettenrook werd met behulp van rookmachine en een
NO-analyser bepaald. De gedeclareerde teer en nicotine waarden werden
afgelezen op de sigaretten verpakking. Om de correlaties tussen de
sigaretten parameters te onderzoeken, werden de NH4, NO, teer en nicotine
resultaten in grafieken in functie van elkaar uitgezet en de correlatie
coefficienten berekend. Er werd een positieve correlatie gevonden tussen de
teer en nicotine waarden (r2 = 0.95). Verder werd een zwakke correlatie
tussen de gemeten NO concentratie en de gedeclareerde teer waarde gevonden
(r2 = 0.47). Het NH4 gehalte was niet gecorreleerd met een van de
parameters. De 100 verschillende soorten sigaretten werden onderverdeeld in
verschillende groepen en deze groepen werden met elkaar vergeleken aan de
hand van de NH4 gehalte, NO concentratie en de ratio tussen teer/nicotine.
De merken werden onderverdeeld in de volgende groepen: filter/geen-filter
sigaretten menthol/geen menthol filter sigaretten light of regular filter
sigaretten De NO concentratie in sigarettenrook van menthol en light filter
sigaretten waren significant lager dan van niet-menthol en van regular
filter sigaretten. De ratio teer/nicotine was significant hoger in light
sigaretten dan in regular sigaretten. In deze studie hebben we een zwakke
correlatie gevonden tussen de NO emissie en de gedeclareerde teer waarde,
terwijl het NH4 gehalte niet was gecorreleerd met een van de parameters.
Het NH4 gehalte was wel kenmerkend voor het sigaretten merk. De correlaties
gevonden in deze studie zijn onvoldoende om gebruikt te worden voor
onderbouwing van de hypothese dat toegevoegd NH4 of NO emissie de nicotine
beschikbaarheid in de longen beinvloedt.
The general hypothesis exists that NH4 level in cigarettes and NO level in cigarette smoke do affect the nicotine availability in the lungs and subsequently play a role in the tobacco addiction. The objective of this report was to investigate whether correlations exist between the cigarette parameters: NH4 level, NO emission and the declared tar and nicotine values. These correlations can be used to support the postulated hypotheses. In this report the NH4 amount in cigarettes was determined by a wet-extraction method. The NO emission was determined by means of a smoking machine and an NO-analyser. The declared tar and nicotine values were read from the packages. he correlation was investigated by plotting the values of the cigarette parameters against each other and determining the respective correlation coefficient (r2). There was a positive correlation between the declared tar and the nicotine value (r2 = 0.95). Also, the NO emission and the tar value seems to be correlated with each other (r2 = 0.47). The NH4 amount did not correlated with any parameters. Furthermore, the 100 different cigarette brands were divided in several subsets. These subsets were:filter/non-filter cigarettes menthol/non-menthol filter cigarettes light/regular filter cigarettes Next, differences were examined within NH4 level, NO emission and ratio tar/nicotine between the subsets of the cigarette brands. The NO emission was significantly lower by menthol and by light filter cigarettes compared with NO emission by non-menthol and by regular cigarettes. The ratio tar/nicotine of regular cigarettes was significantly lower compared with that of light cigarettes. This study showed that the NH4 level in cigarettes is related to the cigarette brand. NO emission is weakly related to the declared tar value, probably due to the used tobacco raw material. The results of the present study do not support the hypotheses that added NH4 increases NO in smoke and subsequently contributes to an increased uptake of nicotine by NO-induced dilatation of airways and blood vessels.
The general hypothesis exists that NH4 level in cigarettes and NO level in cigarette smoke do affect the nicotine availability in the lungs and subsequently play a role in the tobacco addiction. The objective of this report was to investigate whether correlations exist between the cigarette parameters: NH4 level, NO emission and the declared tar and nicotine values. These correlations can be used to support the postulated hypotheses. In this report the NH4 amount in cigarettes was determined by a wet-extraction method. The NO emission was determined by means of a smoking machine and an NO-analyser. The declared tar and nicotine values were read from the packages. he correlation was investigated by plotting the values of the cigarette parameters against each other and determining the respective correlation coefficient (r2). There was a positive correlation between the declared tar and the nicotine value (r2 = 0.95). Also, the NO emission and the tar value seems to be correlated with each other (r2 = 0.47). The NH4 amount did not correlated with any parameters. Furthermore, the 100 different cigarette brands were divided in several subsets. These subsets were:filter/non-filter cigarettes menthol/non-menthol filter cigarettes light/regular filter cigarettes Next, differences were examined within NH4 level, NO emission and ratio tar/nicotine between the subsets of the cigarette brands. The NO emission was significantly lower by menthol and by light filter cigarettes compared with NO emission by non-menthol and by regular cigarettes. The ratio tar/nicotine of regular cigarettes was significantly lower compared with that of light cigarettes. This study showed that the NH4 level in cigarettes is related to the cigarette brand. NO emission is weakly related to the declared tar value, probably due to the used tobacco raw material. The results of the present study do not support the hypotheses that added NH4 increases NO in smoke and subsequently contributes to an increased uptake of nicotine by NO-induced dilatation of airways and blood vessels.
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