Young infants display heterogeneous serological responses and extensive but reversible transcriptional changes following initial immunizations.
Nouri, Nima Cao, Raquel Giacomelli Bunsow, Eleonora Nehar-Belaid, Djamel Marches, Radu Xu, Zhaohui Smith, Bennett Heinonen, Santtu Mertz, Sara Leber, Amy
Nouri, Nima
Cao, Raquel Giacomelli
Bunsow, Eleonora
Nehar-Belaid, Djamel
Marches, Radu
Xu, Zhaohui
Smith, Bennett
Heinonen, Santtu
Mertz, Sara
Leber, Amy
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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Article
Language
en
Date of publication
2023-12-02
Year of publication
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Young infants display heterogeneous serological responses and extensive but reversible transcriptional changes following initial immunizations.
Translated Title
Published in
Nature Commun 2023;14(1):7976
Abstract
Infants necessitate vaccinations to prevent life-threatening infections. Our understanding of the infant immune responses to routine vaccines remains limited. We analyzed two cohorts of 2-month-old infants before vaccination, one week, and one-month post-vaccination. We report remarkable heterogeneity but limited antibody responses to the different antigens. Whole-blood transcriptome analysis in an initial cohort showed marked overexpression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and to a lesser extent of inflammation-genes at day 7, which normalized one month post-vaccination. Single-cell RNA sequencing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a second cohort identified at baseline a predominantly naive immune landscape including ISGhi cells. On day 7, increased expression of interferon-, inflammation-, and cytotoxicity-related genes were observed in most immune cells, that reverted one month post-vaccination, when a CD8+ ISGhi and cytotoxic cluster and B cells expanded. Antibody responses were associated with baseline frequencies of plasma cells, B-cells, and monocytes, and induction of ISGs at day 7.