Air pollution and anti-Müllerian hormone: the Doetinchem Cohort Study
Zou, Runyu Durkin, Amanda de Kat, Annelien van der Schouw, Yvonne T Hoek, Gerard Verschuren, WM Monique Vermeulen, Roel Lenters, Virissa
Zou, Runyu
Durkin, Amanda
de Kat, Annelien
van der Schouw, Yvonne T
Hoek, Gerard
Verschuren, WM Monique
Vermeulen, Roel
Lenters, Virissa
Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Journal Article
Article
Article
Language
en
Date of publication
2025-05-28
Year of publication
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Air pollution and anti-Müllerian hormone: the Doetinchem Cohort Study
Translated Title
Published in
Environ Int 2025; 201:109565
Abstract
Emerging epidemiologic studies have investigated the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a biomarker for ovarian reserve. However, findings remain inconclusive, and there is a lack of longitudinal studies with repeated AMH measurements, which could better characterize the impact of air pollutants on ovarian reserve across the lifespan. In 2574 women with a mean baseline age of 37.6 years from a prospective population-based cohort in the Netherlands, we used linear mixed models to investigate the associations between long-term exposure to four regulated air pollutants (NO, O, PM, and PM) and longitudinal serum AMH levels. Annual average concentrations of air pollutants were estimated at baseline residential addresses using an enhanced European hybrid land-use regression model. Serum AMH was measured up to five times over a period exceeding 20 years using the highly sensitive picoAMH assay. Results showed that, despite marginal AMH differences after age 60, there were no associations between the air pollutant exposures and AMH levels across the reproductive lifespan in single-pollutant models, and the observed differences were further attenuated in two-pollutant models. In addition, none of the air pollutants were related to age at menopause. To summarize, we did not find clinically relevant associations between long-term air pollutant exposure and longitudinal AMH levels. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in diverse populations and higher exposure scenarios, as well as to explore vulnerable periods of exposure during early life.