Koperemissies door drinkwaterleidingen (herziene editie)
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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
1996-10-01
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Koperemissies door drinkwaterleidingen (herziene
editie)
Translated Title
Copper emissions in copper pipes used for
drinking-water distribution (revised edition)
Published in
Abstract
Ge-inventariseerd werd wat er bekend is over de fluxen
van koper door (corrosie van) waterleidingen naar
rioolwaterzuiveringsinstallaties (rwzi's), rwzi-slib en het
oppervlaktewater. Gebleken is dat in 1993 (landelijk gemiddeld) 57% van de
koperbelasting van rwzi's afkomstig is van corrosie van waterleidingen. De
totale koperflux naar rwzi's lijkt dalende te zijn. Landelijk gemiddeld
wordt bij rwzi's 77% van de kopervracht uit het water verwijderd ; per
provincie komen grote verschillen voor. Dit koper komt terecht in het
rwzi-slib in dusdanige concentraties dat nuttige toepassing in bijvoorbeeld
de landbouw onmogelijk is (overschrijding zogenoemde BOOM2-norm). Het
overige koper komt terecht in het oppervlaktewater waar het mede debet is
aan de veelvuldige en veelvoudige overschrijding van de grenswaarde voor
koper in oppervlaktewater. Forse emissiereducties zijn nodig om de
grenswaarde overal te halen. Conditionering van drinkwater is een van de
manieren om de koperafgifte te reduceren, echter onvoldoende om
overschrijding van de grenswaarde te voorkomen. Er is weinig informatie
over de bijdrage van warmwatertoestellen en over de bijdrage van huishoudens
ten opzichte van andere verbruikers.
This study was carried out to assess the amounts of copper released by copper pipes used for drinking-water distribution into wastewater treatment plants, sewage sludge and surface water in the Netherlands. For the Netherlands as a whole, 57% of the copper load in wastewater treatment plants is attributed to copper pipes. Of this, an average of 77% ends up in sewage sludge in such concentrations as to hinder application of sewage sludge in agriculture. The remainder ends up in surface water where it is jointly responsible for the non-compliance of the Dutch surface-water standard for copper. Compliance can only be achieved by substantially reducting emissions. Corrosion control of drinking water contributes to reducing emissions, but this is not sufficient to meet the surface water standards. Little information was found on the contribution of water-heaters and of households compared to other users of drinking water.
This study was carried out to assess the amounts of copper released by copper pipes used for drinking-water distribution into wastewater treatment plants, sewage sludge and surface water in the Netherlands. For the Netherlands as a whole, 57% of the copper load in wastewater treatment plants is attributed to copper pipes. Of this, an average of 77% ends up in sewage sludge in such concentrations as to hinder application of sewage sludge in agriculture. The remainder ends up in surface water where it is jointly responsible for the non-compliance of the Dutch surface-water standard for copper. Compliance can only be achieved by substantially reducting emissions. Corrosion control of drinking water contributes to reducing emissions, but this is not sufficient to meet the surface water standards. Little information was found on the contribution of water-heaters and of households compared to other users of drinking water.
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Publisher
Sponsors
DGM/DWL