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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
1998-11-12
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Milieubewuste vormen van akkerbouw, een
momentopname
Translated Title
State of the art of environmentally friendly
cropping systems
Published in
Abstract
Het RIVM ontwikkelt een Decision Support System (DSS)
Groene Ruimte, gericht op de diagnose van gebieds- en funktiegerichte
ruimte- en milieuproblemen en het verkennen van oplossingsrichtingen. Voor
het ontwerpen van de akkerbouwcomponent in het DSS zijn de ruimte- en
milieu-aspecten van de tien belangrijkste vormen van gereglementeerde
milieubewuste akkerbouw geinventariseerd en bestudeerd. Het volgende komt
hieruit naar voren. Het niet gebruiken van bestrijdingsmiddelen in de
biologische akkerbouw beperkt de teeltfrequentie en de groeiduur van
aardappelen, het belangrijkste akkerbouwgewas. De opbrengst hiervan per
jaar, gemiddeld over de vruchtwisselingscyclus, is 40% van die van de andere
milieubewuste en gangbare vormen van akkerbouw, ofwel de
gewasrotatiegroeiruimte benodigd voor biologische teelt van aardappelen is
2,5x zo groot. Op meer dan 70% van het akkerbouwareaal zou het gebruik van
alleen organische mest, zoals in de biologische akkerbouw, leiden tot uit
milieuoogpunt ongewenste toevoer van overmatig veel fosfaat en/of verhoogde
nitraatuitspoeling. Dit is niet het geval bij milieubewust gebruik van
kunstmest. De vormen van milieubewuste akkerbouw kunnen voor het DSS
geaggregeerd worden tot twee typen: de biologische zonder gebruik van
kunstmest en bestrijdingsmiddelen en de geintegreerde akkerbouw met
agronomische en milieukundige optimalisatie van vruchtwisseling, bemesting
en bestrijdingsmiddelen. De milieuvoordelen van alle vormen kunnen
gecombineerd worden tot een nieuw derde type: milieubewuste akkerbouw zonder
bestrijdingsmiddelen, maar wel met gebruik van kunstmest en/of organische
mest. Met deze drie typen kan volstaan worden in het DSS bij beschouwing
van de bijdrage van milieubewuste akkerbouw aan de oplossing van ruimte- en
milieuproblemen. Daarop aanvullend is het dit behelst het onbemest en
onbespoten laten van, bijvoorbeeld drie meter , brede akkerranden. Dit
beheer kan zowel als afzonderlijk type beschouwd worden of toegevoegd worden
aan ieder type akkerbouw.
RIVM is in the process of developing a Decision Support System (DSS) for the Rural Environment to both diagnose spatial and environmental problems and explore potential solutions. An investigation directed at the incorporation of arable farming in the DSS made an inventory and study of spatial and environmental aspects of ten 'environmentally friendly' cropping systems. When pesticides are not used, as in the case of organic farming, the frequency and growing period of potatoes, the most important crop, are limited. The annual yield of these potatoes, calculated as an average of the crop rotation cycle, amounted to 40% of that of other environmentally friendly and regular cropping systems. The restriction of using only manure in organic farming would lead to the application of too much phosphate and/or an increase in nitrate leaching on more than 70% of the arable land. This does not occur where mineral fertilisers are used in an environmentally conscious way. The ten environmentally friendly cropping systems can be aggregated into two types: organic without the use of pesticides and mineral fertilizer and integrated cropping with an environmental and agronomic optimisation of crop rotation, fertilisation and use of pesticides. The environmental advantages of all systems can be combined into a new third type: cropping without using pesticides, however, with the use of mineral fertiliser and/or manure. It will suffice to consider these three cropping types in the DSS for examining the contribution of environmentally friendly cropping to solving spatial and environmental problems. In addition, the system in which, for example, three-metre wide field margins are not fertilised or treated by pesticides, can be considered as a separate type or used in combination with each cropping type.
RIVM is in the process of developing a Decision Support System (DSS) for the Rural Environment to both diagnose spatial and environmental problems and explore potential solutions. An investigation directed at the incorporation of arable farming in the DSS made an inventory and study of spatial and environmental aspects of ten 'environmentally friendly' cropping systems. When pesticides are not used, as in the case of organic farming, the frequency and growing period of potatoes, the most important crop, are limited. The annual yield of these potatoes, calculated as an average of the crop rotation cycle, amounted to 40% of that of other environmentally friendly and regular cropping systems. The restriction of using only manure in organic farming would lead to the application of too much phosphate and/or an increase in nitrate leaching on more than 70% of the arable land. This does not occur where mineral fertilisers are used in an environmentally conscious way. The ten environmentally friendly cropping systems can be aggregated into two types: organic without the use of pesticides and mineral fertilizer and integrated cropping with an environmental and agronomic optimisation of crop rotation, fertilisation and use of pesticides. The environmental advantages of all systems can be combined into a new third type: cropping without using pesticides, however, with the use of mineral fertiliser and/or manure. It will suffice to consider these three cropping types in the DSS for examining the contribution of environmentally friendly cropping to solving spatial and environmental problems. In addition, the system in which, for example, three-metre wide field margins are not fertilised or treated by pesticides, can be considered as a separate type or used in combination with each cropping type.
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RIVM