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Variability in the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality by exposure assessment method and covariate adjustment: A census-based country-wide cohort study.
Bauwelinck, Mariska; Chen, Jie; de Hoogh, Kees; Katsouyanni, Klea; Rodopoulou, Sophia; Samoli, Evangelia; Andersen, Zorana J; Atkinson, Richard; Casas, Lidia; Deboosere, Patrick; Demoury, Claire; Janssen, Nicole; Klompmaker, Jochem O; Lefebvre, Wouter; Mehta, Amar Jayant; Nawrot, Tim S; Oftedal, Bente; Renzi, Matteo; Stafoggia, Massimo; Strak, Maciek; Vandenheede, Hadewijch; Vanpoucke, Charlotte; Van Nieuwenhuyse, An; Vienneau, Danielle; Brunekreef, Bert; Hoek, Gerard
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Open Access
Type
Article
Language
en
Date
2021-09-04
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Title
Variability in the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality by exposure assessment method and covariate adjustment: A census-based country-wide cohort study.
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Published in
Sci Total Environ 2021; 804:150091 advance online publication (ahead of print)
Abstract
We used the Belgian 2001 census linked to population and mortality register including nearly 5.5 million adults aged ≥30 (mean follow-up: 9.97 years). Annual mean concentrations for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC) and ozone (O3) were assessed at baseline residential address using two exposure methods; Europe-wide hybrid land use regression (LUR) models [100x100m], and Belgium-wide interpolation-dispersion (RIO-IFDM) models [25x25m]. We used Cox proportional hazards models with age as the underlying time scale and adjusted for various individual and area-level covariates. We further adjusted main models for two different area-levels following the European Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS); NUTS-1 (n = 3), or NUTS-3 (n = 43).