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Schuiven op zand. Ex-ante evaluatie van de reconstructieplannen
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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
2004-11-01
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Schuiven op zand. Ex-ante evaluatie van de
reconstructieplannen
Translated Title
Anticipated effects of re-allocation of intensive
livestock in sandy areas in the Netherlands
Published in
Abstract
De 'Reconstructiewet concentratiegebieden' (2002) is
van toepassing op de Nederlandse zandgebieden met intensieve veehouderij.
Doelen zijn verduurzaming van de landbouw met vermindering van veterinaire
risico's, kwaliteitsverbetering van natuur en landschap, en
kwaliteits-verbetering van milieu en water. In het kader van deze wet zijn
door provincies reconstructieplannen uitgebracht. Er is draagvlak voor deze
plannen bij de partijen die betrokken zijn geweest bij de planvorming. Dit
is een belangrijke succesfactor voor implementatie. De plannen voorzien in
een ruimtelijke scheiding van functies. De voorgestelde zonering is
kleinschalig, door een keuze voor grotere gebieden kan zonering effectiever
zijn. Een randvoorwaarde hierbij is ontsnippering van de EHS. Het
gevraagde budget in de plannen bedraagt 7 miljard euro voor 2004 tot 2016,
en zal vooral ge6nvesteerd worden in natuur, waterbeheer en landbouw. De
landbouwinvesteringen zijn vooral gericht op schaalvergroting, via
bedrijfsverplaatsing van ruim 400 intensieve veehouderijbedrijven en de
inrichting van landbouw-ontwikkelingsgebieden. Bedrijfsverplaatsingen
hebben weinig meerwaarde voor de milieu- en natuurkwaliteit, behalve
incidenteel op lokaal niveau. Vermindering van de veterinaire risico's, de
politieke aanleiding tot de reconstructie, krijgt weinig aandacht in de
reconstructieplannen. Curatieve maatregelen zijn minder noodzakelijk na
verlaten van het non-vaccinatiebeleid, preventieve maatregelen blijven
nodig. De voorziene investeringen in waterberging, beekherstel, en
verdrogingsbestrijding kunnen aanzienlijk bijdragen aan het doelbereik voor
kwantitatief waterbeheer van het 'Nationaal Bestuursakkoord Water'.
Uitvoering van de reconstructie draagt bij aan de realisatie van de
Ecologische Hoofdstructuur. Ondanks de grote milieubeleidopgave richt de
reconstructie zich niet op vermindering van de nutrientenstromen; dit wordt
verwacht van het generieke mestbeleid. Omdat het onzeker is of het nieuwe
mestbeleid in deze doelstelling zal slagen, is dit een risicovolle
oplossingsrichting. Bij gelijkblijvende omvang van de veestapel en
nutrientenstromen is een zich nog te bewijzen inzet van technologie nodig,
om te voldoen aan regelgeving.
The 'Law on Reconstruction of the Concentration Areas' (2002) applies to the Dutch sandy areas where the concentration of intensive livestock is high. Goals expressed in this law are a reduction of veterinary risks and an increase in the quality of the environment and nature, including quality of landscape and water. To achieve these goals, the provinces have prepared reconstruction plans. Parties participating in their preparation do subscribe to them, which is an important success factor for implementation. The plans provide for spatial partitioning of land-use functions. The proposed zoning is small-scaled; however, this type of zoning can be made more effective by choosing larger areas. Realizing fewer small-scaled nature areas in the National Ecological Network is a precondition. The budget requested for realization of these plans is 7 billion euro for the 2004 - 2016 period, to be invested mainly in nature, water management and agriculture. Investments in agriculture are directed to scaling-up through transfer of over 400 intensive livestock farms and the establishment of specified areas for agricultural development. Outside incidental advantages at local level, farm transfer will not benefit the quality of nature and the environment. Reduction of veterinary risks, the political reason for the reconstruction, has been given little attention in the plans. Curative measures will be less necessary after the policy of non-vaccination has been abandoned, but preventive measures will still be needed. Measures anticipated for quantitative water management will contribute substantially to existing goals. Implementation of the plans will also contribute to the realization of new nature areas in the National Ecological Network. The reconstruction plans will not achieve a decrease in nutrient streams, and therefore not respond to the challenge of meeting environmental policy goals; the generic manure policy is expected to bring this about. However, as it is uncertain if the revised manure policy will succeed in realizing its goals, this is considered a risky projection. If nutrient streams remain, technology still to be proven will be needed to meet policy goals here.
The 'Law on Reconstruction of the Concentration Areas' (2002) applies to the Dutch sandy areas where the concentration of intensive livestock is high. Goals expressed in this law are a reduction of veterinary risks and an increase in the quality of the environment and nature, including quality of landscape and water. To achieve these goals, the provinces have prepared reconstruction plans. Parties participating in their preparation do subscribe to them, which is an important success factor for implementation. The plans provide for spatial partitioning of land-use functions. The proposed zoning is small-scaled; however, this type of zoning can be made more effective by choosing larger areas. Realizing fewer small-scaled nature areas in the National Ecological Network is a precondition. The budget requested for realization of these plans is 7 billion euro for the 2004 - 2016 period, to be invested mainly in nature, water management and agriculture. Investments in agriculture are directed to scaling-up through transfer of over 400 intensive livestock farms and the establishment of specified areas for agricultural development. Outside incidental advantages at local level, farm transfer will not benefit the quality of nature and the environment. Reduction of veterinary risks, the political reason for the reconstruction, has been given little attention in the plans. Curative measures will be less necessary after the policy of non-vaccination has been abandoned, but preventive measures will still be needed. Measures anticipated for quantitative water management will contribute substantially to existing goals. Implementation of the plans will also contribute to the realization of new nature areas in the National Ecological Network. The reconstruction plans will not achieve a decrease in nutrient streams, and therefore not respond to the challenge of meeting environmental policy goals; the generic manure policy is expected to bring this about. However, as it is uncertain if the revised manure policy will succeed in realizing its goals, this is considered a risky projection. If nutrient streams remain, technology still to be proven will be needed to meet policy goals here.
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