Exploratory report 1,3-butadiene
Slooff W Bont PFH Hesse JM Thomas R
Slooff W
Bont PFH
Hesse JM
Thomas R
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Open Access
Type
Report
Language
en
Date of publication
1994-02-28
Year of publication
Research Projects
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Journal Issue
Title
Exploratory report
1,3-butadiene
Translated Title
[Scopingsdocument
1,3-butadieene.]
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Abstract
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1,3-Butadiene is mainly emitted to the air. The most important sources in the outdoor air is traffic. Indoors cigarette smoking is the most important source. Because of the genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of 1,3-butadiene and its metabolites a non-threshold extrapolation method was used for establishing toxicological limit values. It was indicatively calculated that an ambient concentration of 0.03 to 0.15 mug.m-3 corresponds to a lifetime cancer risk of 1 x 10-6 (negligible risk level, the maximum permissible is a factor 100 higher). The all-year average 1,3-butadiene concentration in the Netherlands was estimated at 0.4 mug.m-3. Much higher levels have been measured in the seventies in urban areas related to traffic activities (<2.2 to 158 mug.m-3). According the model calculations the all-year average contribution to the 1,3-butadiene concentration in busy streets by traffic has been estimated to be 2 mug.m-3. Indoor air 1,3-butadiene concentrations may reach levels of approximately 3 mug.m-3 and up. On the basis of very limited exposure data, the estimated 1,3-butadiene concentration in ambient air seems to be below the "maximum permissible" risk level. Therefore, the cancer risk due to 1,3-butadiene in ambient air is within acceptable limits. However, in busy streets in inner cities the exposure concentrations are estimated to be close to the 'maximum permissible" risk level. On the other hand the 1,3-butadiene concentrations resulting from traffic emissions have dropped in the last decades and are expected to decrease further in the next few years since over 95% of the gasoline powered new cars sold in the Netherlands are equipped with a catalytic converter. No data are available on the occurrence of 1,3-butadiene in indoor air in the Netherlands. Literature data indicate that in smoke-filled rooms the concentrations are in the range of "maximum permissible" risk level. It is advocated to limit the gap-filling to a survey into the concentration of 1,3-butadiene in indoor and outdoor air in inner city streets.
1,3-Butadiene is mainly emitted to the air. The most important sources in the outdoor air is traffic. Indoors cigarette smoking is the most important source. Because of the genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of 1,3-butadiene and its metabolites a non-threshold extrapolation method was used for establishing toxicological limit values. It was indicatively calculated that an ambient concentration of 0.03 to 0.15 mug.m-3 corresponds to a lifetime cancer risk of 1 x 10-6 (negligible risk level, the maximum permissible is a factor 100 higher). The all-year average 1,3-butadiene concentration in the Netherlands was estimated at 0.4 mug.m-3. Much higher levels have been measured in the seventies in urban areas related to traffic activities (<2.2 to 158 mug.m-3). According the model calculations the all-year average contribution to the 1,3-butadiene concentration in busy streets by traffic has been estimated to be 2 mug.m-3. Indoor air 1,3-butadiene concentrations may reach levels of approximately 3 mug.m-3 and up. On the basis of very limited exposure data, the estimated 1,3-butadiene concentration in ambient air seems to be below the "maximum permissible" risk level. Therefore, the cancer risk due to 1,3-butadiene in ambient air is within acceptable limits. However, in busy streets in inner cities the exposure concentrations are estimated to be close to the 'maximum permissible" risk level. On the other hand the 1,3-butadiene concentrations resulting from traffic emissions have dropped in the last decades and are expected to decrease further in the next few years since over 95% of the gasoline powered new cars sold in the Netherlands are equipped with a catalytic converter. No data are available on the occurrence of 1,3-butadiene in indoor air in the Netherlands. Literature data indicate that in smoke-filled rooms the concentrations are in the range of "maximum permissible" risk level. It is advocated to limit the gap-filling to a survey into the concentration of 1,3-butadiene in indoor and outdoor air in inner city streets.
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