Metaalniveau's in volwassenen in Nederland, 1997
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Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
1999-11-23
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Metaalniveau's in volwassenen in Nederland,
1997
Translated Title
Levels of toxic metals in blood and urine of Dutch
adults, 1997
Published in
Abstract
De huidige rapportage beschrijft in 1997 gemeten
niveau's van lood in bloed en kwik, cadmium en arseen in urine van 300
volwassen Nederlanders. De doelstelling van dit onderzoek is het in kaart
brengen van de inwendige belasting van niet-beroepsmatig blootgestelde
volwassenen met metalen. Sinds eind jaren zeventig is in Nederland een
sterk dalende trend in lood-bloed gehalten waarneembaar. De
lichaamsbelasting met cadmium lijkt niet te zijn gedaald. Van de
onderzoekspopulatie heeft 25% een lood-bloed waarde waarbij biochemische
veranderingen kunnen optreden (>50 ug/L). Ongeveer twee procent heeft een
waarde die een geringe bloeddrukstijging tot gevolg kan hebben (>100 ug/L).
De gezondheidskundige betekenis van beide effecten is onduidelijk. Cadmium,
kwik en anorganisch arseenconcentraties lijken geen nadelige
(gezondheids)effecten tot gevolg te hebben. Concentraties zijn
vergelijkbaar met andere (Europese) landen. Geslacht en leeftijd zijn
bepalende factoren voor metalen concentraties. Roken heeft een verhoogde
lichaamsbelasting met lood en cadmium tot gevolg. Verder draagt
alcoholconsumptie bij aan verhoogde lood-bloed waarden, het aantal amalgaam
vullingen aan verhoogde kwik-urine waarden en visconsumptie aan verhoogde
anorganisch arseen-urine concentraties. De vastgestelde referentiewaarden
kunnen worden gebruikt als achtergrondniveau's bij calamiteiten, teneinde
een uitspraak te kunnen doen over belasting van risicogroepen. Daarnaast
kunnen met behulp van de vastgestelde referentiewaarden, ook in de toekomst
trends in de lichaamsbelasting worden onderzocht.
This report describes levels of lead, mercury, cadmium and inorganic arsenic measured in 1997 in blood and urine of 300 Dutch adults. The aim of this study was to assess the body burden of non-occupationally adults exposed to these potentially toxic metals. Results demonstrate that lead levels in human blood have declined substantially since the late 1970s. No drop in cadmium concentrations in the urine could be detected in the last decade. A quarter of the research population have blood lead levels exceeding a level which might result in biochemical changes ( 50 ug/l). In about 2% of the population blood lead levels may induce a small rise in blood pressure ( 100 ug/l). The significance of both effects for public health is not yet clear. Metal concentrations as measured in this study were comparable with concentrations measured in other (European) countries. Age and sex are determining factors for both blood and urine levels of lead, mercury, cadmium and inorganic arsenic. Smoking causes a significant rise in the body burden from lead and cadmium. Moreover, alcohol consumption contributes to higher blood lead levels, the number of amalgam fillings to higher urine mercury levels and consumption of fish to higher urine inorganic arsenic levels. The research described here yields reference values for body burden of potentially toxic metals to the non-occupationally exposed adult Dutch population, and can be used as background levels in case of disasters to assess the exposure to groups at risk. Furthermore, the established reference values will make it possible to study future trends in exposure to toxic metals.
This report describes levels of lead, mercury, cadmium and inorganic arsenic measured in 1997 in blood and urine of 300 Dutch adults. The aim of this study was to assess the body burden of non-occupationally adults exposed to these potentially toxic metals. Results demonstrate that lead levels in human blood have declined substantially since the late 1970s. No drop in cadmium concentrations in the urine could be detected in the last decade. A quarter of the research population have blood lead levels exceeding a level which might result in biochemical changes ( 50 ug/l). In about 2% of the population blood lead levels may induce a small rise in blood pressure ( 100 ug/l). The significance of both effects for public health is not yet clear. Metal concentrations as measured in this study were comparable with concentrations measured in other (European) countries. Age and sex are determining factors for both blood and urine levels of lead, mercury, cadmium and inorganic arsenic. Smoking causes a significant rise in the body burden from lead and cadmium. Moreover, alcohol consumption contributes to higher blood lead levels, the number of amalgam fillings to higher urine mercury levels and consumption of fish to higher urine inorganic arsenic levels. The research described here yields reference values for body burden of potentially toxic metals to the non-occupationally exposed adult Dutch population, and can be used as background levels in case of disasters to assess the exposure to groups at risk. Furthermore, the established reference values will make it possible to study future trends in exposure to toxic metals.
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