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    Luchtvaart en milieu: indicatieve effecten van heffingen en substitutie naar rail

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    Authors
    Wee GP van
    Brink RMM van den
    Geurs KT
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM rapport 408137001
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    Luchtvaart en milieu: indicatieve effecten van heffingen en substitutie naar rail
    Translated Title
    Aviation and the environment: indicative effects of levies and substitution to rail
    Publiekssamenvatting
    A working group commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Finance is investigating the possibilities of introducing a 'greener' tax system in the Netherlands. At the request of this working group, the Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has quantified the environmental impacts of taxes on jet fuel and on tickets, and of the substitution of air passenger transport with rail transport. The investigation showed that taxes on jet fuel and tickets have a relatively large impact on the number of air passengers going through Schiphol and on CO2 emissions from aircraft, especially concerning global taxes. Because they encourage efficiency measures, jet taxes on fuel have a relatively higher impact on CO2 emissions than taxes on tickets. (Future) CO2 emission per aircraft passenger will be about five times higher and NOx emission about 25 times higher than emissions from high-speed rail. Therefore substitution from air to high speed rail will result in lower CO2 and NOx emissions.
    Op verzoek van de Commissie vergroening belastingen zijn de gevolgen doorgerekend van enkele heffingen, gericht op de luchtvaart en de substitutie van luchtvaartpassagiers naar rail. Bij de heffingen gaat het om kerosineheffingen en heffingen op tickets. Uit de berekeningen blijkt, dat dergelijke heffingen forse effecten kunnen hebben op het aantal Schipholpassagiers en de CO2-emissie door de luchtvaart, vooral, wanneer ze mondiaal worden ingevoerd. Heffingen op brandstof hebben een relatief groter effect op de CO2-emissie dan heffingen op tickets, aangezien ze tot (extra) efficiencymaatregelen leiden. Substitutie van luchtvaart naar rail (HSL) leidt tot een lagere CO2- en NOx-emissie, aangezien per reizigerskilometer de HSL een veel lagere CO2-emissie (82%) en NOx-emissie (96% lager) heeft dan een luchtvaartpassagier.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/10017
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