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    Impact of UV-B irradiation on resistance to infectious diseases and efficacy of vaccination

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    Authors
    van Loveren H
    de Gruijl FR
    Bouwes-Bavinck JN
    Termorshuizen F
    Sleijffers A
    Slapper H
    Kelfkens G
    Garssen J
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
    Metadata
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    Title
    Impact of UV-B irradiation on resistance to infectious diseases and efficacy of vaccination
    Translated Title
    Effect van UV-straling op de weerstand tegen infectieziekten
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Recent studies on the immunosuppressive effects of UVR and the related resistance to infections in humans are presented. The waveband dependency of trans-to-cis isomerisation of urocanic acid in the stratum corneum and the role of DNA damage in UVR-induced erythema and immunosuppression were investigated to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, human experimental studies on UVR-induced immunomodulation were performed. It appeared that the doses needed to suppress various immune parameters in humans (e.g. NK-activity, contact hypersensitivity) were higher than those needed in experiments in rodents. Still, extrapolation of experimental animal data to the human situation showed that UVR may impair the resistance to different systemic infections at relevant outdoor doses. In observational human studies we aimed to substantiate the relevance of UVR for infections in humans. It was shown that sunny season was associated with a slightly retarded but clinically non-relevant antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination. Furthermore, sunny season appeared to be associated with a small decline in the number of CD4+ T-helper cells in a cohort of HIV infected persons and a higher recurrence of herpes simplex and herpes zoster in a cohort of renal transplant recipients. However, in a study among young children a higher exposure to solar UVR was associated with a lower occurrence of upper respiratory tract symptoms. As disentangling the effects of UVR from other relevant factors is often impossible in observational studies, concise quantitative risk estimations for the human situation cannot be given at present.<br>
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Utrecht University
    The Netherlands
    Leiden University
    The Netherlands
    Sponsors
    SG-NOP
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