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    Het relatieve belang van Campylobacter transmissieroutes op basis van blootstellingsschatting

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    Authors
    Evers EG
    van der Fels HJ
    Nauta MH
    Schijven JF
    Havelaar AH
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    Het relatieve belang van Campylobacter transmissieroutes op basis van blootstellingsschatting
    Translated Title
    The relative importance of Campylobacter transmission routes based on human exposure estimates
    Publiekssamenvatting
    In dit onderzoek, dat verkennend van aard is, is een poging gedaan om het relatieve belang van transmissieroutes voor Campylobacter te bepalen, door de humane blootstelling via elk van deze routes te schatten. Er werden 31 routes beschouwd, waarvan 19 via voedsel, 9 via direct contact (bijv. huisdieren) en 3 via water (bijv. zwemmen). De berekeningsmethode voor het aantal ingenomen campylobacters was eenvoudig; voor voedsel was dit bijv. het product van de hoeveelheid ingenomen voedsel, de fractie besmet voedsel, de Campylobacter concentratie en de fractie overleving na verhitting. De onzekerheid van de puntschattingen van de parameters werd beschreven met verdelingsdichtheden. Veel parameters waren moeilijk te schatten vanwege gebrek aan gegevens. Uitspraken over verschillen tussen transmissieroutes zijn slechts in beperkte mate mogelijk vanwege de grote onzekerheden van de geschatte blootstellingen. De direct contact routes kinderboerderijdieren en boerderijdieren vertonen een hoge blootstelling; zwemmen in recreatiewater is een belangrijke water route. Rauw voedsel (bijv. rauwe melk, rauwe kip) veroorzaakt ook een hoge blootstelling, gewoonlijk hoger dan verhit voedsel. De gesommeerde blootstelling via water, voedsel en direct contact is respectievelijk 0,0015, 0,050 en 0,084 campylobacters per persoon per dag. De model parameters die het meest bepalend zijn voor de model output en daarmee belangrijk om verder te onderzoeken, zijn de consumptie van rauw voedsel voor voedsel routes, de hoeveelheid ingenomen feces voor direct contact routes en de waterzuivering voor water routes.

    In this exploratory investigation for determining the relative importance of transmission routes for Campylobacter, we estimated human exposure via each transmission route. Thirty-one routes were considered, of which 19 occur via ingestion of food, 9 via direct contact (e.g. pet animals) and 3 via water (e.g. swimming). The method used for calculating the number of ingested campylobacters was simple. For foods, for example, this is the product of the following parameters: the amount of food ingested per person per day, for the total population; the fraction of contaminated food in the shops; the Campylobacter concentration in contaminated food in the shops; the fraction surviving after heating. The uncertainty in the point estimates for the parameters was considered using probability distributions. The estimation of many parameters was difficult due to lack of data. Statements on differences between transmission routes are only possible to a limited extent due to the large uncertainties of the estimated exposures. The direct contact routes children's farms animals and farm animals show high exposure. Swimming in recreational water is an important water route. Raw foods (e.g. raw milk, raw chicken) also cause high exposure, usually higher than heated foods. The exposure via water, food and direct contact adds up to 0.0015, 0.050 and 0.084 campylobacters per person per day, respectively. The model parameters that most strongly determine the model output - consumption of raw food for food routes, amount of ingested faeces for direct contact routes and water purification for water routes - are important to investigate further.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
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