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    Agricultural practice and water quality in the Netherlands in the 1992-2006 period

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    Authors
    Zwart MH
    Hooijboer AEJ
    Fraters B
    Kotte M
    Duin RNM
    Daatselaar CHG
    Olsthoorn CSM
    Bosma JN
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Agricultural practice and water quality in the Netherlands in the 1992-2006 period
    Translated Title
    Landbouwpraktijk en waterkwaliteit in Nederland, periode 1992-2006
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Als gevolg van de Europese Nitraatrichtlijn is het stikstofoverschot in de Nederlandse landbouw tussen 1992 en 2007 afgenomen met bijna 40 procent. Dit is een van de conclusies. Dit rapport geeft een overzicht van de ontwikkelingen in de waterkwaliteit ten opzichte van Nederlandse maatregelen in de landbouw om de kwaliteit van het grond- en oppervlaktewater te verbeteren.
    Het nitraatgehalte in het grondwater onder landbouwpercelen is in de periode van 1992 tot 2007 sterk gedaald, vooral in de zandregio's. Daar daalde de gemiddelde concentratie van 140 mg/l naar 75 mg/l. Ook in de kleiregio's zijn de gehaltes gedaald en lagen ze in deze periode ruim onder de norm van 50 mg/l. In de veenregio's is altijd weinig nitraat in het grondwater aanwezig geweest.
    Sinds 1992 is de chlorofyl-a concentratie (een indicator voor mate waarin het water eutrofieert) in regionale oppervlaktewateren die door de landbouw worden beinvloed constant gedaald. De gemiddelde nitraatconcentratie in de winterperiode in het zoete oppervlaktewater vertoont een afname sinds 1998.
    Zowel nitraatgehaltes in, als de eutrofiering van het water neemt af. Het duurt echter enkele jaren voordat effecten van beleidsmaatregelen door boeren in de waterkwaliteit waarneembaar zijn. Verwacht wordt dat de effecten van de recente beleidsmaatregelen uit het huidige actieprogramma (2004-2009) pas over een aantal jaren te zien zullen zijn in de waterkwaliteit. Het is daarom te verwachten dat de waterkwaliteit pas in de periode 2010-2015 verder verbeterd.

    As a result of the European Nitrate Directive, the nitrogen surplus in Dutch agriculture decreased by almost 40 percent between 1992 and 2007. This is one of the conclusions. This report provides a summary of developments in water quality as far as measures taken in Dutch agriculture to improve the quality of groundwater and surface water are concerned.
    The nitrate content in groundwater below agricultural land showed a strong decrease during the 1992 to 2007 period, in sandy areas especially, where the average concentration decreased from 140 mg/l to 75 mg/l. Nitrate content also decreased in clay areas, and was well below the standard of 50 mg/l for this period. There has always been very little nitrate present in groundwater in peat regions.
    The chlorophyll-a concentration (an indicator for the extent of water eutrophication) in agriculturally-influenced regional surface waters showed a constant decrease following 1992. The average nitrate concentration during the winter period in fresh surface waters has been decreasing since 1998.
    Both nitrate content and eutrophication are decreasing. However, it takes several years before the effects of policy measures taken by farmers are seen in the water quality. It is therefore expected that it will be some years before the effects of recent policy measures from the current action programme (2004-2009) are seen in the water quality and that water quality will therefore only show further improvement in the 2010-2015 period.
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    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
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