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    PCBs in bouwmateriaal in Nederland

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    Authors
    Bruinen de Bruin Y
    Janssen MPM
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM briefrapport 601356003
    Type
    Briefrapport
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    PCBs in bouwmateriaal in Nederland
    Translated Title
    PCB's in building materials in the Netherlands
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Het RIVM heeft geïnventariseerd in welke mate Polychloorbifenylen (PCB's) voorkomen in bouwmaterialen in Nederland in panden die nog in gebruik zijn of in aanmerking komen om te worden afgebroken. PCB's zijn schadelijk voor mens en milieu en worden niet of nauwelijks afgebroken. PCB's kunnen uit bouwmaterialen vrijkomen en verhoogde binnenluchtconcentraties veroorzaken.

    In Europa zijn PCB's van het begin van de jaren vijftig tot in de jaren zeventig toegepast in bouwmaterialen, voornamelijk in kitten, verf, pleister en plafonddelen. De concentraties in deze bouwmaterialen verschilden sterk. Voor Nederland zijn er weinig gegevens gevonden over deze toepassingen en concentraties. De beschikbare gegevens wijzen op gebruik in de utiliteitsbouw (scholen, kantoren, universiteitsbouw) in de jaren vijftig tot en met zeventig. Deze gegevens suggereren ook dat het om een beperkt aantal locaties gaat waar PCB's kunnen vrijkomen, waardoor mogelijk sprake is van verhoogde binnenluchtconcentraties.

    Uit de literatuur en de saneringspraktijk blijkt dat zowel Duitsland als Zwitserland een saneringsbeleid hebben. Aangeraden wordt om nog verder onderzoek te verrichten naar de beleidsmatige achtergronden van de saneringen en de gezondheidskundige onderbouwing ervan. Op basis van deze bevindingen kunnen de aanwezigheid van PCB's in bouwmaterialen in Nederland en de risico's daarvan beter worden gekarakteriseerd. Indien relevant kan daarmee beleidsontwikkeling worden ondersteund.

    De inventarisatie is uitgevoerd in opdracht van het ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu (IenM) in verband met het Verdrag van Stockholm over zogeheten persistente organische verbindingen (POPs), waartoe PCB's behoren. Conform het Verdrag is Nederland verplicht om artikelen met een PCB percentage van 0,005 procent (50 milligram per kilo) en hoger te identificeren en zo mogelijk te elimineren.

    The RIVM has identified the extent to which polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) are present in building materials used in the Netherlands to construct buildings that are in use and those scheduled for demolition. PCB's are dangerous industrial chemicals that degrade poorly, if at all, in the environment. They can be released from building materials, possibly leading to increased indoor concentrations.

    In Europe, from the early 1950s up to the late 1970s PCBs were widely used in certain building materials, such as sealants, paint, plaster and ceiling components. The concentrations of PCB's in these various building materials are known to have differed greatly, and little data relating to their use and concentrations in the Netherlands are available. The limited amount of data that has been found suggests the use of PCB-containing materials in public sector buildings (schools, government offices, university buildings) constructed between the early 1950s and late 1970s. These data also suggest that the number of locations from which PCB's can be released, possibly leading to elevated indoor concentrations, are limited.

    A survey of the literature and of remediation procedures demonstrates that both Germany and Switzerland have national rehabilitation policies. One recommendation of the RIVM survey is to study the policy-based background of the remediation procedures adopted by these countries in more detail, as well as data from health-based analyses that provide the foundation for these procedures. The findings from such a study will enable a better characterization of the presence and risks of PCB's in building materials in the Netherlands and, if relevant, provide a basis for policy-making.

    The survey was commissioned by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment (I&M) in the context of the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POP's), which include PCB's. The Treaty requires the Netherlands to identify and remove, if possible, those products containing 0.005 percent or more PCB (50 milligrams per kilogram).
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu
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