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    The health- and addictive effectes due to exposure to aldehydes of cigarette smoke. Part 1; Acetaldehyde, Formaldehyde, Acrolein and Propionaldehyde

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    Authors
    van Andel I
    Schenk E
    Rambali B
    Wolterink G
    van de Werken G
    Stevenson H
    van Aerts LAGJM
    Vleeming W
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    The health- and addictive effectes due to exposure to aldehydes of cigarette smoke. Part 1; Acetaldehyde, Formaldehyde, Acrolein and Propionaldehyde
    Translated Title
    De gezondheids- en verslavende effecten van blootstelling aan aldehyde ten gvolge van het roken van sigaretten. Deel 1: Acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrolein en propionaldehyde
    Publiekssamenvatting
    In deze literatuurstudie worden de gezondheids- en mogelijke verslavende effecten van blootstelling aan aldehyden ten gevolge van het roken van sigaretten beschreven. Dit literatuuronderzoek richt zich met name op acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrolein, en propionaldehyde. Alle aldehyden veroorzaken pathologische schade aan de luchtwegen en bereiken hoge piekconcentraties in de luchtwegen tijdens het roken. In ratten leidt een gecombineerde blootstelling aan de genoemde aldehyden tot een significante toename van de schade aan de luchtwegen en tot een afname van de ademfrequentie. Bij lage concentraties wordt als gevolg van combineren geen potentiering van de schade gezien. Onduidelijk is of tijdens het roken van sigaretten, waarbij hoge piek concentraties ontstaan, potentiering van de schade optreedt. Alhoewel er vanuit dierexperimenteel onderzoek aanwijzingen zijn dat met name acetaldehyde verslavende eigenschappen heeft, is in de geraadpleegde literatuur geen onderbouwing gevonden voor verslaving aan ge6nhaleerde aldehyden.<br>
    In the desk study presented here, health effects and possible addictive effects of aldehyde exposure due to cigarette smoking are discussed. In the light of currently available literature the health effects of exposure to acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrolein and propionaldehyde were assessed. All aldehydes cause pathological damage to the respiratory tract and reach high peak concentrations in the respiratory tract during smoking. In rats, combined exposure of the above-mentioned aldehydes leads to a significant increase in damage to the respiratory tract and to a decrease in breathing frequency. The combined effect is, at most, the sum of the individual effects; no dose addition or potentiation occurs at minimal-observed-effect levels (MOEL). However, it's uncertain if the extent of the combined effects during cigarette smoking take place, when high peak concentrations occur. Although there is some evidence from studies on animals that acetaldehyde has addictive properties, we found no such evidence for inhaled aldehydes.<br>
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
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