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    Pertussis: description and evaluation based on surveillance data of 1999 and 2000

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    Authors
    de Greeff SC
    de Melker HE
    Schellekes JFP
    Conyn-van Spaendonck MAE
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Pertussis: description and evaluation based on surveillance data of 1999 and 2000
    Translated Title
    Kinkhoest: een beschrijving en evaluatie op basis van surveillance gegevens in 1999 en 2000
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Om inzicht te geven in de incidentie en ernst van kinkhoest in Nederland in 1999 en 2000 zijn gegevens uit de surveillance op basis van meldingen, laboratorium data, ziekenhuisopnames en sterfgevallen in 1999 en 2000 geanalyseerd en vergeleken met de periode 1989-1998. Tevens worden de resultaten uit de paediatrische surveillance besproken. Uit de verschillende surveillance bronnen blijkt dat de incidentie van kinkhoest in 1999 is toegenomen en in 2000 weer is afgenomen. De hoogste incidentie werd bij de meldingen gevonden voor 4 tot 5-jarigen. De incidentie volgens de ziekenhuisopnames in 1999 (3.2 per 100,000) was vergelijkbaar met de epidemie van 1996 (3.3 per 100,000) en nam af in 2000 (1.6 per 100,000). Uit de paediatrische surveillance blijkt dat de meeste gehospitaliseerde kinderen jonger dan 1 jaar waren en dat complicaties vaker gerapporteerd worden in de jongere leeftijdsgroepen. De vaccin effectiviteit, geschat met behulp van de screenings methode, was in 2000 hoger dan in de periode 1993-1999, vooral voor de 1 en 2-jarigen. Uit de resultaten kan geconcludeerd worden dat in 1999 de incidentie van kinkhoest, berekend op grond van de aangiften is toegenomen tot een hoger niveau dan in 1996. In 2000 is deze incidentie weer afgenomen. Echter, de incidentie van de ziekenhuisopnamen van kinkhoest was vergelijkbaar in 1996 en 1999 en lager in 2000. Verder blijkt dat zowel ongevaccineerden als gevaccineerden klassieke kinkhoestsymptomen kunnen ontwikkelen. De surveillance van kinkhoest op basis van verschillende bronnen moet voortgezet worden om de incidentie van kinkhoest te monitoren en om de effecten van veranderingen in het vaccinatieschema te bestuderen. De paediatrische surveillance en de surveillance op grond ziekenhuisopnamen is hierbij bruikbaar om trends in de routine surveillance te verifieren en om de ernst van kinkhoest te beschrijven.<br>
    To gain insight into the incidence and severity of pertussis in the Netherlands in 1999 and 2000, surveillance data based on notifications, laboratory data, hospitalisations and deaths were analysed for these two years and compared to the 1989-1998 period. Results of the paediatric surveillance are also presented here. According to various sources the incidence of pertussis increased in 1999 compared to previous years and decreased again in 2000. The peak incidence according to notifications and positive serology was observed among 4- to 5-year-old children. In 1999 the incidence according to hospital admissions (3.2 per 100,000) was comparable to the incidence during the epidemic of 1996 (3.3 per 100,000) and decreased in 2000 (1.6 per 100,000). The paediatric surveillance showed that most hospitalised children were under one year of age and that complications (apnoea, cyanosis and administration of oxygen) were more frequently reported in the younger age groups. Vaccine efficacy, estimated by the screening method, was higher in 2000 compared to 1997-1999, particularly among 1- and 2-year olds. In conclusion, the incidence of pertussis in 1999 according to notifications increased to reach a higher level than in 1996. In 2000 the incidence decreased again. However, the number of hospital admissions were comparable to the figures for 1996 and 1999, and lower in 2000. Both unvaccinated and vaccinated persons can develop classical pertussis symptoms. Surveillance of pertussis based on various surveillance sources should be continued to monitor the incidence of pertussis and to study the effect of changes in vaccination strategies. Active paediatric surveillance and surveillance of hospital admissions are useful for verifying trends in routine surveillance and describing the severity of pertussis.<br>
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    VWS/GZB
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