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    Environment and health within the OECD-region: lost health, lost money

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    Authors
    Melse JM
    de Hollander AEM
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
    Metadata
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    Title
    Environment and health within the OECD-region: lost health, lost money
    Translated Title
    Milieu en gezondheid in de OESO-regio: verlies van gezondheid en van geld
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Dit rapport schat het effect van blootstelling aan milieufactoren op de gezondheid in de OESO-regio, in termen van verloren gezondheid en geld. Geschat werd dat 2-5% van de totale ziektelast gerelateerd is aan milieuverontreiniging. Voor de rijkste OESO landen werd dit gezondheidsverlies economisch gewaardeerd op 45-140 miljard US$ (of 53-160 US$ per capita; centrale schatting). Eerst is voor 16 ziekten met hoge ziektelast geschat welke fractie daarvan toe te schrijven is aan mileufactoren: OESO 2-5%, niet-OESO 8-12%, wereld 7.5-11%. Vervolgens is deze milieugerelateerde ziektelast geldelijk gewaardeerd. Het toepassen van deze percentages op de totale gezondheidsuitgaven resulteerde in een schatting van milieugerelateerde gezondheids-kosten van 45-110 miljard $ (40-100 $/capita). Omdat gezondheids-uitgaven echter vrijwel alleen morbiditeit betreffen, zijn de kosten van milieu-gerelateerde morbiditeit en mortaliteit ook apart geschat: morbiditeit met behulp van ziekte-specifieke directe ziektekosten, mortaliteit door verloren levensjaren te waarderen als BNP per capita en door 'willingness-to-pay' waarden voor sterfte gedeeld door de bijbehorende verloren levensverwachting. Tesamen resulteerde dit in de volgende schattingen van milieu-gerelateerde gezondheidskosten voor de rijkste OESO-landen: een lage schatting van 30-95 miljard $ (35-105 $/capita), een middenschatting van 45-140 miljard $ (53-160 $/capita), en een hoge schatting van 215-680 miljard $ (240-775 $/capita).<br>
    This study assessed the environmental health impact within the OECD region, both in terms of lost health and lost money. 2-5% of the total Burden of Disease (BoD) was attributed to environmental factors. Environmental health loss in the OECD high income subregion was monetary valued at US$45-140 billion (or US$53-160 per capita, central estimate). First, environment attributable fractions of the BoD of 16 diseases with high disease burdens were assessed and total environmental BoD was estimated at: OECD region 2-5%, non-OECD 8-12%, world 7.5-11%. Second, an economic valuation of the environmental health impact was performed. Applying the above percentages to the total health expenditure resulted in OECD environmental health costs of 45-110 billion US$ (40-100 $/capita). However, since health expenditures only apply to morbidity, morbidity and mortality costs were also estimated separately. Environmental morbidity costs were obtained using disease-specific direct costs of illness, environmental mortality costs were based on a monetary valuation of the years of life lost, first as GDP per capita and second by using willingness-to-pay values for death divided by lost life expectancy. This finally lead to three different estimates of environmental health costs in the OECD high income region: a lower estimate of US$30-95 billion (US$35-105 per capita), a central estimate of US$45-140 billion (US$53-160 per capita), and an upper estimate of US$215-680 billion (US$240-775 per capita).<br>
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    Enviroment Directorate of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ED-OECD
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