• Login
    View Item 
    •   Home
    • RIVM official reports
    • RIVM official reports
    • View Item
    •   Home
    • RIVM official reports
    • RIVM official reports
    • View Item
    JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

    Browse

    RIVM Publications RepositoryCommunitiesTitleAuthorsIssue DateSubmit Date

    My Account

    LoginRegister

    Statistics

    Display statistics

    Climate change and recreational water-related infectious diseases

    • CSV
    • RefMan
    • EndNote
    • BibTex
    • RefWorks
    Thumbnail
    Name:
    330400002.pdf
    Size:
    377.4Kb
    Format:
    PDF
    Download
    Average rating
     
       votes
    Cast your vote
    You can rate an item by clicking the amount of stars they wish to award to this item. When enough users have cast their vote on this item, the average rating will also be shown.
    Star rating
     
    Your vote was cast
    Thank you for your feedback
    Authors
    de Roda Husman AM
    Schets FM
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM report 330400002
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Title
    Climate change and recreational water-related infectious diseases
    Translated Title
    Klimaatveranderingen en recreatiewater overdraagbare infectieziekten
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Het RIVM heeft in kaart gebracht welke micro-organismen mensen via recreatiewater ziek kunnen maken en in welke mate klimaatverandering daar invloed op heeft. De fysiologie van deze ziekteverwekkers wordt namelijk beinvloed door klimaatfactoren, zoals temperatuur UV-straling en neerslag. Zodoende kunnen ziekteverwekkers door klimaatverandering sterven, overleven of juist in aantal toenemen. Deze veranderingen beïnvloeden de mate waarin zij via recreatiewater ziekte kunnen veroorzaken. In het overzicht is ook aangegeven welk watertype de micro-organismen prefereren (zoet-, zout-, of zwembadwater) en welke ziekteverschijnselen ze kunnen veroorzaken.
    Naar verwachting leidt een hogere watertemperatuur ertoe dat ziekteverwekkers die zich in recreatiewater kunnen vermeerderen, in hogere aantallen in recreatiewater aanwezig zijn. Daardoor treden mogelijk meer ziektegevallen op. Bacteriën die van nature in recreatiewater voorkomen en zich daar kunnen vermeerderen zijn Vibrio (veroorzaakt oorontsteking en wondinfecties) en Pseudomonas aeruginosa (oorontsteking). Toenemende UV-straling kan ertoe leiden dat ziekteverwekkers vanwege de warmte in aantal toenemen of juist sterven, doordat genetisch materiaal beschadigd raakt. Door hevige regenval kunnen tijdelijk en plaatselijk zeer hoge aantallen micro-organismen uit feces in recreatiewater terechtkomen doordat het riool de hoeveelheid water niet meer aankan en overloopt of doordat mest van het land afspoelt in het water. In binnenzwembaden wordt het binnenmilieu constant gehouden, waardoor ziekteverwekkers die hierin voorkomen waarschijnlijk niet door klimaatfactoren worden beinvloed.
    Om de invloed van klimaatverandering vast te stellen op nieuwe (emerging) en bekende infectieziekten die via recreatiewater worden overgedragen, is nader onderzoek nodig. Het gaat daarbij om de invloed van klimaatfactoren op zowel de verwekkers van deze infectieziekten als op de manier waarop mensen omgaan met zwemmen in recreatiewater.

    Since micro-organisms and therefore also human pathogens in recreational waters are highly influenced by climate and environmental conditions, any climate change may alter the infectious disease burden from exposure to pathogens transmitted through recreational water. This is due to die-off or inactivation of the pathogens or, alternatively, their survival and growth. Known recreational waterborne pathogens were systematically reviewed with respect to their specific climate dependencies, water type preferences (i.e. fresh, marine or swimming pool water) and their significance to public health. Some indigenous species of bacteria, amoebas and algae are able to grow in aquatic environments, whereas enteric bacteria, viruses and parasites that are derived from human or animal faeces are not. The growth of waterborne pathogens in aquatic environments depends on environmental conditions (including climate), and on pathogen characteristics. Major climate factors that determine the number, type, virulence and infectivity of pathogens in recreational waters, and thus may have an impact on diseases transmitted through recreational water, include temperature, UV radiation, precipitation patterns and water availability. For example, increased water temperature can influence growth and die-off or inactivation of waterborne pathogens. For those pathogens that can grow in natural and artificial recreational water environments, such as Vibrio spp. in sea water, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in freshwater and Legionella in swimming pool systems, an increase in exposure and possibly disease incidence can be expected. Increased UV radiation may result in increased inactivation of enteric pathogens, or alternatively growth, whereas increased precipitation intensity will lead to peak concentrations of these pathogens due to e.g. sewage overflow and runoff. Disease that is specifically related to indoor pools is unlikely to be affected by climate factors due to the controlled environment in these facilities. With respect to the impact of climate change, there is a need to identify emerging waterborne infectious diseases and prioritise both emerging and known waterborne infectious diseases in general and recreational waterborne infectious diseases in particular. Because of the direct influence of climate on recreational water quality and the direct exposure of humans to recreational water, quantification of the impact of climate change on the disease burden through exposure to recreational water is required. Climate factors not only affect pathogen behaviour, but also influence human behaviour, thus stressing the need to study both the complexity of pathogen behaviour in recreational waters and social behaviour with respect to expected climate changes.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    VROM-DP
    Collections
    RIVM official reports

    entitlement

     

    DSpace software (copyright © 2002 - 2023)  DuraSpace
    Quick Guide | Contact Us
    Open Repository is a service operated by 
    Atmire NV
     

    Export search results

    The export option will allow you to export the current search results of the entered query to a file. Different formats are available for download. To export the items, click on the button corresponding with the preferred download format.

    By default, clicking on the export buttons will result in a download of the allowed maximum amount of items.

    To select a subset of the search results, click "Selective Export" button and make a selection of the items you want to export. The amount of items that can be exported at once is similarly restricted as the full export.

    After making a selection, click one of the export format buttons. The amount of items that will be exported is indicated in the bubble next to export format.