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    Geneesmiddelen in het milieu. Twee verkennende studies samengevat

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    Authors
    Vlaardingen PLA van
    Montforts MHMM
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
    Metadata
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    Title
    Geneesmiddelen in het milieu. Twee verkennende studies samengevat
    Translated Title
    Pharmaceuticals in the environment. A summary of two exploratory studies
    Publiekssamenvatting
    De vraag in deze studie was of (afbraakproducten van) geneesmiddelen in Nederlands drinkwater kunnen voorkomen. Verdere vragen waren in welke mate ze zouden kunnen voorkomen en welke milieueffecten te verwachten zijn. De gepresenteerde informatie is gebaseerd op twee recent verschenen literatuurstudies. Er zijn indicentele metingen waarin farmaca worden aangetoond in oppervlaktewater (in West-Europese landen), waaronder enkele metingen in drinkwater. Tot op heden wordt in Nederland geen routinematige analyse naar deze verbindingen uitgevoerd. Op basis van een beperkte hoeveelheid ecotoxociteitsdata voor geneesmiddelen wordt geconcludeerd dat milieueffecten niet uitgesloten kunnen worden. Gezien het diffuse verspreidingspatroon en de verwachte lage milieuconcentraties worden eerder chronische effecten verwacht. Potentikle humane risico's zijn: ontwikkeling van allergikn, genotoxiciteit en de overdracht van resistentiegenen. Het compartiment grondwater lijkt genegeerd te zijn in voorgaand onderzoek en verdient meer aandacht. Teneinde de ernst van het probleem te verhelderen, zouden gerichte concentratiemetingen in water en grondwater moeten worden uitgevoerd. Het uitvoeren van milieurisicobeoordelingen bij registratie wordt zinvol geacht en ontwikkeling en validatie van blootstellingsmodellen voor veterinaire en humane geneesmiddelen is wenselijk.
    The central question in this study was if (degradation products of) pharmaceuticals might occur in Dutch drinking water. If so, subsequent questions would be to what extent they would appear and what environmental effects were to be expected. The information presented is based on two recent literature studies. Single results demonstrating pharmaceutical occurrence in surface water (in Western European countries) were presented, including some measurements in drinking water. To date, routine analysis programmes to detect these compounds are not carried out in the Netherlands. On the basis of limited ecotoxicity data on pharmaceuticals found, it was concluded that environmental effects could not be ruled out. The diffuse pattern of distribution and the low environmental concentrations expected drew attention to chronic effects. Potential human risks identified were development of allergies, genotoxicity and the transfer of resistance genes. The groundwater compartment seems to have been ignored in previous research and should receive more attention. To make the seriousness of the problem more transparent, targeted concentration analyses in water and groundwater should be performed. Performance of environmental risk assessment at registration is considered useful, and development and validation of exposure models for veterinary and human pharmaceuticals are desirable.
    Sponsors
    HIMH
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/258177
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