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    Effecten van varianten van verliesnormen op de kwaliteit van het oppervlaktewater in Nederland. Rapportage Cluster 4 Evaluatie van de Meststoffenwet, deel 2

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    Authors
    Oenema O
    Liere E van
    Stam GJ
    Blois CJ de
    Prins TC (eds)
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Title
    Effecten van varianten van verliesnormen op de kwaliteit van het oppervlaktewater in Nederland. Rapportage Cluster 4 Evaluatie van de Meststoffenwet, deel 2
    Translated Title
    Effects of variants of target surpluses on the quality of surface water in the Netherlands
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Effecten van verschillende varianten van verliesnormen op aquatische ecosystemen zijn geevalueerd. Verliesnormen voor N van 300 - 40 kg ha-1, afhankelijk van het bodemtype en landgebruik, en voor P van 40 -1 kg P2O5 ha-1 jaar-1 (equivalent aan 17.5 - 0.4 kg P ha-1 jaar-1) werden gebruikt in de berekeningen. Een keten van modellen werd gebruikt om de effecten van de varianten op belasting en concentratie in het oppervlaktewater (rivieren, beken, sloten, meren en kustwateren) te bepalen. Verlaging van N- en P-verliesnormen resulteren in een verlaging van de belasting van het oppervlaktewater en de concentratie daarin. Echter, de gemiddelde vermindering van de concentraties is relatief laag in vergelijking met de vermindering van de verliesnormen. Redenen daarvoor zijn: (i) de verlaging a N-verliesnormen is minder in gebieden waar de belasting van het water hoog is, (ii) P-belasting van het oppervlaktewater word primair bepaald door de P-status van de bodem, en slechts indirect door de P-verliesnormen, en (iii) kwel van N- en P-rijk grondwater uit bodemlagen van marien oorsprong draagt aanzienlijk bij tot de belasting van het oppervlaktewater. Verlagen van de verliesnormen gecombineerd met aanvullende maatregelen (baggeren, doorspoelen en vermindering van de belasting door andere bronnen) zijn nodig om de ecologische toestand van het oppervlaktewater te verbeteren.
    This study explores the effects of a number of variants for target N and P surpluses on the ecological state (eutrophication) of surface waters for the purpose of informing policy-makers. Surpluses of N and P indcate the difference between inputs via purchased fertilisers, animal feed and animal manure, and N and P outputs via crop and animal products as well as export of animal manure. Target surpluses of N from 300 to 40 kg per ha per year, depending on soil type and land use, and of P from 40 to 1 kg P2O5 per ha per year (equivalent to 17.5 to 0.4 kg of P per ha per year), were examined. A sequence of models has been used to explore the effects of variants of target N and P surpluses on the discharge of N and P from agricultural activities to surface waters, and on N and P concentrations in rivers, freshwater lakes, streams, ditches and the marine coastal zone. The results indicate that lowering target N and P surpluses will decrease the discharge of N and P from agricultural activities into surface waters and also the N and P concentrations in these waters. However, the mean decrease in N and P concentrations in surface waters is relatively low (less than proportional), given the relatively high mean decreases in target N and P surpluses in agriculture. This relatively small improvement has been attributed to such factors as: (i) surpluses of N decrease less on average in areas were surface-water loading is large, (ii) P discharge to surface waters is primarily determined by the soil P status and groundwater level, and only indirectly by P surplus, and (iii) seepage of N- and P-rich seepage water from marine sub-soils, contribute greatly to surface-water loading. Lowering target N and P surpluses combined with additional measures (like dredging P-rich sediments, flushing ditches with water low in nutrients, and decreasing discharges from other sources) is argued to be necessary to improve the ecological state of surface waters.
    Publisher
    Alterra
    RIZA
    RIKZ
    Sponsors
    DGM; Ministerie van LNV; Ministerie van V en W
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/258903
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