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    Virologic examination of gastro-enteritis outbreaks 1994-1995

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    Authors
    Koopmans MPG
    Lewis D
    Burger M
    Tijmensen A
    Vinje J
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Virologic examination of gastro-enteritis outbreaks 1994-1995
    Translated Title
    Virologisch onderzoek van explosies van gastro-enteritis in 1994-1995
    Publiekssamenvatting
    "Small-round-structured viruses" (SRSV) kunnen explosies van gastro-enteritis veroorzaken. Om te onderzoeken in welke mate dit ook in Nederland het geval is, werden alle explosies van gastro-enteritis waarbij diagnostische ondersteuning werd gevraagd van het laboratorium voor Virologie (RIVM) gedurende twee jaar onderzocht op aanwezigheid van SRSV met behulp van een nieuw ontwikkelde test op basis van RT-PCR. Daarnaast werden de gevonden SRSV stammen met behulp van immuno-electronenmicroscopie en sequentie-analyse onderzocht om de antigene en genetische variabiliteit in kaart te brengen. Om dit te kunnen doen werd een generische RT-PCR ontwikkeld waarmee 85% van de SRSV uit de tot nu toe bekende antigene groepen kon worden aangetoond. SRSV werden met electronenmicroscopie en met deze RT-PCR aangetoond in 91% van de gemelde explosies (n=22). Sequentie-analyse van de PCR producten liet zien dat de explosie stammen sterk geclusterd waren. Het merendeel van de SRSV stammen in 1994 is nauw verwant met de twee recent beschreven antigene typen SRSV Toronto virus en Mexico virus. In 1995 vond er een shift plaats naar circulatie van een ander antigeen type (Grimsby), dat genetisch sterk verschilt van de 1994 stammen (27% nt sequentie divergentie). Een vergelijkbare indeling werd gemaakt op basis van antigene typering van de stammen met behulp van immuno-EM. De waargenomen clustering is een sterke aanwijzing voor epidemische verspreiding van SRSV door Nederland.<br>
    To study the role of 'Small-round-structured viruses' (SRSV) in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the Netherlands and to evaluate the genetic and antigenic relationships between strains, all outbreaks of gastroenteritis that were reported to RIVM in 1994 and 1995 (n=22) were investigated by EM, single round RT-PCR, and automated sequencing. To enable this, a generic SRSV-specific primer pair was developed which could detect 85% of all known circulating antigenic groups. SRSV could be detected by EM in 86% and by RT-PCR in 91% of the reported outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Partial sequence analysis of the polymerase region of these viruses revealed that there was an apparent clustering of outbreak strains. The majority of the 1994 strains form a tight cluster and are similar to the recently described Toronto virus and Mexico virus. In 1995 there was a shift towards the circulation of a distinct SRSV type, Grimsby, which was quite distinct (27% nt sequence divergence) from the 1994 strains. The molecular typing of the 1994 and 1995 strains was concordant with antigenic typing by SPIEM. These tight clusters of different types of SRSV strongly suggest epidemic spread of SRSV in the Netherlands.<br>
    Description
    Deels gepubliceerd in Journal of Infectious Diseases&lt;br&gt;
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    RIVM
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