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    Klimaatverandering en het stedelijk gebied. De bodemfactor

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    Authors
    Claessens JW
    Dirven EM
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM rapport 607050005
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    Klimaatverandering en het stedelijk gebied. De bodemfactor
    Translated Title
    Climate change and the urban area. The contribution of soil
    Publiekssamenvatting
    De klimaatverandering kan in steden onder andere tot extreme neerslag leiden, met wateroverlast als gevolg. Een effectieve maatregel hiertegen is het zogeheten waterbergend vermogen van het stedelijk gebied te vergroten, waarvoor het ondergronds bergen van water een goede oplossing is. Ook moet een stedelijke omgeving beschikken over voldoende onafgedekte bodem, zoals parken, tuinen en wegbermen, zodat overtollig water gemakkelijker kan wegstromen. Een ander voordeel van openbaar groen is dat het schaduw biedt en daarmee verkoeling bij extreme hitte, een ander gevolg van klimaatverandering. Het thema afdekking komt echter niet terug in klimaatprogramma's waarmee provincies en gemeenten steden bestendiger kunnen maken tegen de gevolgen van de klimaatverandering. Steden zouden daarom hieraan explicieter aandacht moeten besteden. Dit blijkt uit een inventarisatie van het RIVM van de klimaatprogramma's van twee grote steden in Nederland.
    Voor de inventarisatie is gekeken welke bodemthema's, zoals warmte-koudeopslag, de vruchtbaarheid van de bodem en de diversiteit aan organismen erin, in de klimaatprogramma's terugkomen. Maatregelen vanuit bepaalde thema's (warmte-koudeopslag, ondergronds ruimtegebruik en wateropslag) blijken al veel te worden toegepast. Bij dergelijke maatregelen is direct te merken wat het oplevert, de zogenoemde harde thema's. De softere bodemthema's, zoals bodemvruchtbaarheid en biodiversiteit (ecosysteemdiensten), worden minder ingezet. Zo lijkt investeren in een goede bodemvruchtbaarheid geen financieel voordeel te hebben. Hierdoor gaan marktpartijen hier niet mee aan de slag en zal de overheid deze thema's moeten stimuleren.

    One of the possible effects of climate change is an increased frequency of extreme rainfall events which, in cities, may lead to an overburdening of the public water system. An effective measure to protect urban areas against such overflow events is to increase the water storage capacity, such as by expanding the capacity for storing water underground. Additionally, urban areas should contain sufficient unsealed soil in the form of city parks, gardens, verges and other green spaces so that excess water can easily infiltrate the soil. Another advantage of public green areas is that they provide shadow and thereby have a cooling effect during periods of extreme heat, which is also an effect of climate change. However, the topic soil sealing does not appear in government-supported climate programmes aimed at making cities more resistant to the consequences of a changing climate. The cities themselves should therefore focus more explicitly on this issue. These are the outcomes of an inventory of the climate programmes of two large cities in the Netherlands carried out by the RIVM.
    In this inventory, the RIVM looked at which topics related to the soil (heat/cold storage, soil fertility and soil biodiversity, among others) were incorporated into the climate change programmes. Measures concerning to certain hard aspects of soil, such as heat/cold storage, underground use of space and water storage, have already been realized on a relatively large scale, with clearly visible benefits. The less concrete aspects, such as biodiversity and soil fertility (soil ecosystem services), have been implemented on a much smaller scale. It would appear that investing in soil fertility and other such soft aspects of soil is financially unattractive to stakeholders and that governments will have to stimulate investments in these areas.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
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