Nanotechnology in perspective. Risks to man and the environment

Abstract

The Risks of Nanotechnology Knowledge and Information Centre (KIR nano), a Dutch government-supported observation organisation based at RIVM, has provided an overview of the potential risks to both man and the environment of exposure to nanoparticles. The focus is on free, non-degradable and insoluble nanoparticles found in medical applications, food, consumer products and the environment. Scientific data compiled to date demonstrate that adverse effects due to exposure to nanoparticles cannot be ruled out. However, much more information is required to be able to estimate the risks of nanoparticles equally as well as those of other non-nano chemicals. Nevertheless, hundreds of products containing nanomaterials are currently available commercially, a situation which clearly necessitates investigation of the exposure and toxicity of these materials in the near future. unfortunately, the research questions to be answered are so numerous that it will take years to compile the relevant data. KIR nano recommends that research be focused primarily on those questions that provide information critical to the assessment of risks to man and the environment. Depending on the perspective - worker, consumer, patient, or the environment - the starting points can then be defined for controlling or limiting the risks. Information generated in the strictly regulated world of medical applications (e.g., on methodology) could constitute a valuable asset in other areas of research and application, where the data and dossier requirements are not as exacting. Key concepts in the coming years include expanding our knowledge of nanoparticles and making this knowledge readily available to avoid duplication of research; identifying and where necessary taking appropriate risk management measures, deciding on which areas of research the Netherlands wishes to contribute to this field, supporting research & development and promoting cooperation between government bodies and agencies, the scientific community and trade and industry.