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    Environmental tobacco smoke in the Netherlands. First estimates of exposure, review of main health effects and overview of available interventions

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    Authors
    van Gelder BM
    Blokstra A
    Feenstra TL
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM rapport 260601005
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Environmental tobacco smoke in the Netherlands. First estimates of exposure, review of main health effects and overview of available interventions
    Translated Title
    Meeroken in Nederland. Een schatting van de blootstelling aan tabaksrook van anderen en een overzicht van de voornaamste gezondheidsschade en beschikbare interventies
    Publiekssamenvatting
    In Nederland rookt naar schatting tussen de 18 en 40% van de niet-rokende volwassenen (15 jaar en ouder) dagelijks mee. Minstens 14% van de zwangere vrouwen rookt mee en minstens 7% van de foetussen heeft een rokende moeder. Tussen de 20 en 36% van de kinderen rookt in meerdere of mindere mate mee. Dit blijkt uit een verkennende studie van het RIVM, die is uitgevoerd ter ondersteuning van het Nederlandse tabaksontmoedigingsbeleid (Nationaal Programma Tabaksontmoediging 2006-2010). Een van de speerpunten daarvan is passief roken terugdringen.
    De gezondheid van niet-rokers kan verbeteren door ze minder aan tabaksrook bloot te stellen. Een groot deel van de Nederlandse bevolking staat bloot aan de tabaksrook van anderen, wat ziekte en sterfte veroorzaakt. Een algeheel rookverbod in publieke ruimtes in combinatie met voorlichting om meeroken te ontmoedigen, kan de schadelijke effecten beperken.
    Meeroken kan verschillende gezondheidsproblemen veroorzaken. Uit literatuuronderzoek blijkt dat meeroken de kans op longkanker en coronaire hartziekte met 20 tot 30% verhoogt. Verder leidt meeroken door zwangere vrouwen tot een iets lager gemiddeld geboortegewicht. Daarnaast is de kans op een extreem laag geboortegewicht (< 2500 gram) met 20 tot 40% verhoogd. Prenataal en postnataal meeroken door de baby verhoogt de kans op wiegendood. Als kinderen meeroken is de kans op negatieve effecten op longfunctie en middenoorontsteking groter. Ook is bij hen de kans op luchtwegaandoeningen 20 tot 50% groter (luchtweginfecties en symptomen).

    About 18 till 40% of non-smoking adults (age 15+) in the Netherlands are daily exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from other people. At least 14% of pregnant women are exposed to ETS and at least 7% of unborn children have a mother who smokes. Moreover 20-36% of children in the Netherlands are to some extent exposed to passive smoking. These estimates are the result of an exploratory study of the RIVM, which supports the Dutch tobacco control policy (National Tobacco Control Programme 2006-2010). One of the three spearheads of this policy is the protection of non-smokers against tobacco smoke.
    Reducing the exposure to ETS from other people could lead to health improvements in the Netherlands. A sizeable portion of the Dutch population is exposed to ETS. ETS causes morbidity and subsequent premature mortality. Exposure to ETS could be reduced by enforcing smoking bans as well as introducing educational programmes specifically aimed at decreasing exposure.
    Exposure to ETS can be the cause of many health problems. Literature research shows that there is strong evidence that exposure to ETS increases the risk of lung cancer and coronary heart disease by 20-30%. Furthermore, there is evidence that the average birth weight of babies born to women who have been exposed to ETS is slightly reduced; the risk for extremely low birth weight (below 2500 grams) is increased by 20-40%. The risk for sudden infant death syndrome is increased in babies exposed to ETS in both the prenatal and postnatal periods. Passive smoking in children increases the risk by 20-50% for respiratory conditions such as infections or other symptoms. There is also an increased risk for lung dysfunction and middle ear disease.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
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