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    GGD-richtlijn medische milieukunde. Gezondheidsrisico's van winterse omstandigheden

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    Authors
    Noorda J
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM rapport 609330009
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    GGD-richtlijn medische milieukunde. Gezondheidsrisico's van winterse omstandigheden
    Translated Title
    Environmental health guideline for Municipal Health Services. Health risks of winter conditions
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Momenteel worden pas bij extreme winterse omstandigheden maatregelen getroffen om gezondheidsrisico's van koude te voorkomen. Aangezien in Europa de meeste 'seizoensdoden' in de wintermaanden vallen, is het raadzaam eerder voorbereidingen te treffen. De wintersterfte treedt in Nederland namelijk al op zodra de gemiddelde (etmaal)temperatuur onder de 16,5 graden Celsius daalt. Oorzaken van de oversterfte zijn hart- en vaatziekten, longziekten en psychische stoornissen. Het aantal sterfgevallen kan mogelijk worden verminderd. Daarom heeft het RIVM, in opdracht van het ministerie van VWS, met de GGD'en de richtlijn 'Gezondheidsrisico's van winterse omstandigheden' ontwikkeld. Hierbij wordt uitgegaan van de verwachte gevoelstemperatuur, de combinatie van temperatuur en windsnelheid. De richtlijn concentreert zich vooral op risicogroepen, zoals buitenslapers, 65-plussers, chronisch zieken (in het bijzonder met hart- en vaatziekten en longaandoeningen) en kinderen. De richtlijn helpt om de omvang van gezondheidsrisico's in schatten, bij de publiekscommunicatie en bij te nemen maatregelen om gezondheidsrisico's te voorkomen. Behalve een analyse van oorzaken van wintersterfte bevat de richtlijn aanbevelingen om wintersterfte te voorkomen. De adviezen zijn vooral gericht op de risicogroepen, maar er zijn ook aanbevelingen voor de algemene bevolking opgenomen. Er zijn twee momenten om burgers te informeren: preventief, voorafgaand aan het stookseizoen (rond 1 oktober), en reactief, bij gezondheidsbedreigende winterse weersomstandigheden. Voorbeelden van specifieke reactieve adviezen zijn extra maatregelen voor buitenslapers en behoud van nutsvoorzieningen voor wanbetalers. Ook kan de mantelzorg beter worden geinformeerd om ouderen voor te bereiden op de koude weersomstandigheden. De GGD adviseert gemeenten en informeert burgers en zorgverleners. De richtlijn ondersteunt de rol van de GGD bij deze problematiek.
    At present, measures for preventing health risks as a direct result of cold weather are only taken in extreme winter conditions. Considering that most 'seasonal deaths' in Europe occur during the winter months, it is advisable to take precautions in advance. For example, in the Netherlands, winter mortality starts to occur as soon as the average temperature per 24 hours drops below 16.5 C. The causes of this so-called excess winter mortality include: cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and mental disorders. It may, however, be possible to reduce the number of deaths that occur. For this purpose, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (VWS) commissioned the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) and the Municipal Health Services (GGD) to draw up a guideline on the health risks associated with winter conditions. This is based on the premise of the expected wind chill factor - the combination of air temperature and wind speed. The guideline focuses in particular on risk groups, such as those of the homeless, older people (65 and over) the chronically ill (especially those with cardiovascular and respiratory conditions) and children. The guideline is intended to help in the estimation of the extent of health risks, communication to the public and in procedures intended to prevent health risks from occurring. As well as an analysis of the causes of winter mortality, the guideline contains recommendations for its prevention. The advice is particularly aimed at the risk groups; it also contains recommendations for the general population. There are two key moments for informing citizens: preventively - prior to the heating season (around October 1), and reactively - during health-threatening winter weather conditions. Examples of specific reactive advice are, extra measures for the homeless and retaining mains services for people who have difficulty making payments. Furthermore, informal carers could be better informed on how to prepare older people for cold weather conditions. The GGD advises local authorities and informs citizens and professional care providers. The guideline supports the role of the GGD in this problem area.
    Sponsors
    VWS
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/260464
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