Prioritaire stoffen in het milieu. Analyse van de milieudruk en -kwaliteit in Nederland over de periode 1990 - 2005
Series/Report no.
RIVM rapport 607880005Type
OnderzoeksrapportLanguage
nlMetadata
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Prioritaire stoffen in het milieu. Analyse van de milieudruk en -kwaliteit in Nederland over de periode 1990 - 2005Translated Title
Priority pollutants in the environment. Pressure and state of the environment 1990 - 2005Publiekssamenvatting
De afgelopen vijftien jaar is de problematiek over de aanwezigheid van prioritaire stoffen in het Nederlandse milieu afgenomen. De milieudruk (emissies van schadelijke stoffen naar lucht, water en bodem) is afgenomen en de milieukwaliteit (concentraties van schadelijke stoffen in het milieu) is verbeterd. Voor een aantal stoffen is het verbetertempo echter te laag om de beleidsdoelstellingen in 2010 te kunnen halen.Prioritaire stoffen zijn milieuschadelijke stoffen, die in het milieubeleid met voorrang worden behandeld en waarvoor beleidsdoelstellingen voor het jaar 2010 zijn opgesteld. Er zijn nog steeds stoffen waarvan de emissies hoger zijn dan het voor 2010 gestelde maximum. Ook zijn concentraties nog vaak hoger dan de gestelde streefwaarden, die vanaf 2010 niet meer mogen worden overschreden.
Dit blijkt uit het verloop van berekende milieudruk- en milieukwaliteitsindicatoren. Met dergelijke indicatoren wordt getalsmatig uitgedrukt hoever de huidige milieudruk en milieukwaliteit afwijken van de beleidsdoelstellingen ('distance to target').
Wat betreft emissie blijkt dat vooral voor cadmium het emissieplafond naar lucht, water en bodem wordt overschreden. Voor de zware metalen koper en zink is vaak de uitstoot naar water en bodem te hoog.
Concentraties van zwaveldioxide, stikstofdioxiden, koolmonoxide, lood en ozon in lucht liggen vaak boven de streefwaarden. Dit geldt ook voor concentraties van koper in oppervlaktewater. In het grondwater liggen de concentraties van chroom, cadmium en nikkel regelmatig boven de streefwaarden.
In the past fifteen years, the problem of environmental pollution due to the presence of priority pollutants has decreased considerably in The Netherlands. The environmental pressure (emissions of substances to air, surface water and soil) has decreased and concomitantly the environmental state (concentrations of substances in the environment) has improved. However, for a number of substances the problem of environmental pollution by priority pollutants is not decreasing at a rate which ensures the achievement of policy goals formulated for 2010.
Priority substances are chemicals that are harmful to the environment and that are addressed with priority by the environmental policy. For these substances policy goals have been formulated for 2010. For some of these the emissions have remained higher than the maximum value set for 2010. Moreover, also the concentrations are still higher than the policy goals that must not be exceeded after 2010.
This appears from the course in time of the environmental pressure and state indicators that have been calculated from emission and concentration data. These indicators express numerically how far the present environmental pressure and environmental state differ from the policy goals ('distance to target').
With regards to the emissions, it has appeared that especially for cadmium the emission maximum to air, surface water and soil is still being exceeded. The heavy metals copper and zinc are often being emitted at too high amounts to the surface water and the soil.
The concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide, lead and ozone in the air are often found above the goal values. This also goes for the copper concentrations in the surface water. Regularly, chromium, cadmium and nickel are being found in the groundwater at concentrations above the goals for the environmental state
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