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    Aggregate exposure to chemicals

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    Authors
    Wolterink G
    van de Ven BM
    ter Burg W
    Verkaik-Kloosterman J
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM report 320108002
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Aggregate exposure to chemicals
    Translated Title
    Geaggregeerde blootstelling aan chemische stoffen
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Het risico van een chemische stof is lastig te beoordelen als mensen via verschillende routes en producten aan deze stof staan blootgesteld (geaggregeerde blootstelling). Dat komt meestal doordat relevante blootstellingsgegevens ontbreken. Het kan bijvoorbeeld onbekend zijn in welke producten de stoffen voorkomen en in welke concentratie. Dit is de conclusie van het RIVM op basis van studies naar vier stoffen. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in opdracht van de Voedsel en Waren Autoriteit (VWA) en het ministerie van VWS. Vanwege de toenemende vraag van de regelgevende instanties naar geaggregeerde risicoschatting is het noodzakelijk om de blootstellingsschatting verder te ontwikkelen.
    In de vier casestudies zijn de huidige mogelijkheden en beperkingen van een geaggregeerde risicoschatting uitgewerkt. Soms kan op basis van grove blootstellingsschattingen worden aangetoond dat er geen gezondheidsrisico is. Anderzijds kan blijken dat de huidige normen consumenten onvoldoende bescherming bieden.
    Aanbevolen wordt om een leidraad te ontwikkelen hoe met mogelijke gezondheidsrisico's om te gaan. Dat kan bijvoorbeeld door de toegestane hoeveelheid van een stof in een product te verlagen. Ook kunnen realistischere gegevens over gebruik en blootstelling worden gebruikt om de risicoschattingen te verfijnen. De laatste jaren worden hiervoor zogeheten probabilistische methoden ingezet. Soms zijn extra metingen nodig van stoffen in producten.

    The risks to public health posed by exposure to and use of a specific chemical are difficult to assess when the chemical risk assessment has also to consider the combined exposure to a chemical from multiple routes and products (aggregate exposure). This difficulty is primarily due to a lack of relevant exposure data. For example, information is often not available on whether or not chemicals are present in products and, if present, on their concentrations. This is the conclusion drawn by the RIVM based on four case studies. The research was performed by order of the Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport of the Netherlands. The increasing demand for aggregate risk assessments by regulatory authorities necessitates further refinement of risk exposure assessments.
    The four case studies were carried out by the RIVM to explore the feasibilities and limitations of current aggregate risk assessments. An aggregate exposure assessment based on worst case deterministic exposure estimates is, in some cases, sufficient to indicate the absence of a human health risk. To the contrary, in other cases, an aggregate exposure assessment can indicate that the current maximum allowed amounts of substances in products (norms) may not provide adequate protection to the consumer.
    The RIVM recommends the development of a guidance for dealing with possible health risks. One approach could be to reduce the maximum allowed amounts of a chemical in a product. Further, more realistic data on the use of products and the possible exposure routes to chemicals could be used to refine risk assessments. In recent years, probabilistic methods have been used for this purpose. Additional measurements on specific substances and products may also be needed to improve the risk assessment.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    VWS-VWA
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