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    Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, in the Netherlands in 2011

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    Authors
    Trienekens SCM
    Koedijk FDH
    van den Broek IVF
    Vriend HJ
    Op de Coul ELM
    van Veen MG
    van Sighem AI
    Stirbu-Wagner I
    van der Sande MAB
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM report 201051001
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, in the Netherlands in 2011
    Translated Title
    Seksueel overdraagbare aandoeningen, waaronder HIV, in Nederland in 2011
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Consulten en bezoekers soa-centra:
    In 2011 hebben in totaal 113.180 mensen zich bij een van de centra in Nederland laten testen op een seksueel overdraagbare aandoening (soa), 8 procent meer dan in 2010. De soa-centra bieden hoogrisicogroepen een laagdrempelige aanvullende curatieve zorg. Er waren in 2011 vooral meer consulten van mannen die seks hebben met mannen (MSM), een stijging van 11 procent ten opzichte van 2010. In 14 procent van de consulten werd één of meerdere soa gevonden (bij 20 procent van de MSM en 13 procent van de heteroseksuele bezoekers), dit is vergelijkbaar met voorgaande jaren. Er zijn 3005 mannen en 11282 vrouwen voor een Sense-consultatie gekomen.

    Chlamydia:
    Het aantal infecties is opnieuw toegenomen in 2011, evenals het percentage positieve chlamydiatesten (n=12.913 respectievelijk 11,5 procent). Meer dan de helft van de infecties werd gevonden bij jongeren tot 25 jaar. 12 procent van de heteroseksuele bezoekers van soa-centra had een chlamydia-infectie, onder heteroseksuelen jonger dan 25 jaar was dit 15 procent.

    Gonorroe:
    Zowel het aantal infecties (n=3.575) als het percentage positieve gonorroetesten (3,2 procent) is toegenomen in 2011. In Nederland is nog geen gonorroestam gevonden die (klinisch) resistent is tegen derde generatie cefalosporines. Wel zijn meer stammen gevonden die hiervoor minder gevoelig zijn. Monitoring van resistentie blijft daarom van belang om - indien nodig - tijdig behandeladviezen bij te kunnen stellen.

    Syfilis:
    In 2011 nam het aantal nieuwe syfilisdiagnoses en het percentage positieve testen (n=476 respectievelijk 0,4 procent) verder af. Syfilis werd vooral gediagnosticeerd bij MSM (90 procent van alle syfilisdiagnoses).

    Hiv:
    Het aantal nieuwe hiv-diagnoses bij de Nederlandse hiv-behandelcentra schommelt de laatste jaren rond de 1100 (in 2010: 1090). In 2011 werden 812 nieuwe hiv-diagnoses gesteld (onvolledig door rapportagevertraging). In 2010 werden in dezelfde periode 825 nieuwe hiv-diagnoses gesteld. Het aantal hivinfecties gediagnosticeerd in de soa-centra is in 2011 gestegen tot 415, een stijging van 11 procent ten opzichte van 2010, hoewel het percentage positieve hiv-testen bij de soa-centra gelijk bleef (0,4 procent). Sinds 2010 worden alle bezoekers van soa-centra op hiv getest, tenzij dit expliciet geweigerd wordt (opting-out); dit jaar weigerde 2 procent van alle bezoekers die niet wisten of ze hiv hadden. In 2011 werd bij 30 procent van de bekend hiv-positieve MSM een of meerdere andere soa's gevonden.

    Consultations and STI clinic attendees:
    In 2011, a total of 113,180 persons were tested at one of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in the Netherlands. This was 8 percent more than in 2010. STI clinics offer easily accessible diagnosis and additional curative care to high-risk populations. There were especially more consultations by men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2011, an increase of 11 percent compared with 2010. One or more STIs were found in 14 percent of the attendees (in 20 percent of MSM and in 13 percent of heterosexual attendees). These figures are comparable with previous years. 3,005 men and 11,282 women came in for a Sense consultation.

    Chlamydia:
    The number of infections increased again in 2011, as well as the positivity rate (n=12,913 respectively 11.5 percent). More than half of the infections were found in clients younger than 25 years. Of the total heterosexual attendees, 12 percent had a chlamydia infection compared with 15 percent in the group of heterosexuals younger than 25 years.

    Gonorrhoea:
    The number of gonorrhoea infections as well as the positivity rate (n=3,575 respectively 3.2 percent) increased compared with 2010. No third-generation cephalosporin-resistant gonorrhoea strains have been found in the Netherlands yet. However, an increasing number of strains less sensitive to antibiotics have been detected. Therefore, monitoring of resistance remains important in case adjustments of treatment advice are necessary.

    Syphilis:
    In 2011, there was a further decrease in the number of new diagnoses of infectious syphilis and the positivity rate in comparison to 2010 (n=476 respectively 0.4 percent). This slight downward trend has been going on for several years. MSM accounted for 90 percent of all infectious syphilis diagnoses.

    HIV:
    The number of new HIV diagnoses, as reported in the Dutch HIV treatment centres, has fluctuated in recent years around 1,100 (in 2010: 1,090). In 2011, 812 new HIV diagnoses were reported (incomplete due to reporting delay). In 2010, in the same period, the number was 825. The number of positive HIV tests in the STI clinics was 415, an increase of 11 percent compared with 2010. However, the proportion of positive HIV tests at the STI clinics remained stable (0.4 percent). Since 2010, all STI clinic attendees have been tested for HIV, except those who explicitly refused, known as opting-out testing. In 2011, 2 percent of all STI clinic attendees not knowing their HIV status refused an HIV test. Among those MSM known to be HIV-positive, 30 percent were diagnosed with one or more STIs in 2011.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Stichting HIV Monitoring (SHM)
    NIVEL
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