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    Emissies en verspreiding van zware metalen

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    Authors
    Mennen MG
    van Pul WAJ
    Nguyen PL
    Hogendoorn EA
    van Putten EM
    Boshuis-Hilverdink ME
    de Groot GM
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM rapport 609100004
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    Emissies en verspreiding van zware metalen
    Translated Title
    Emission and dispersion of heavy metals
    Publiekssamenvatting
    De emissies aan cadmium, chroom, kwik, lood en zink van de Nederlandse industrie naar lucht en oppervlaktewater zijn in de afgelopen 20 jaar flink verminderd. Dit blijkt uit een onderzoek naar de industriële emissies en verspreiding van cadmium, chroom, kwik, lood en zink die het RIVM in opdracht van het ministerie van VROM heeft gemaakt.
    Begin jaren negentig heeft de overheid afspraken gemaakt met de industrie om de emissies van diverse stoffen te reduceren. Hoewel niet voor alle metalen de toen vastgestelde percentages van 70 tot 90% emissiereductie zijn gehaald, zijn de emissies wel aanzienlijk verminderd.
    Hierdoor zijn de ook de concentraties cadmium, chroom, kwik, lood en zink in lucht en regenwater in Nederland fors gedaald. De concentraties van deze metalen in de lucht liggen nu onder de milieukwaliteitsnormen. De huidige emissies en concentraties in de lucht hebben geen gevolgen voor de gezondheid van mensen.
    Ook de gehalten aan cadmium, chroom, kwik, lood en zink in de Nederlandse oppervlaktewateren zijn flink gedaald, maar behalve voor kwik worden de streefwaarde en milieukwaliteitsnormen op verschillende plaatsen nog overschreden. Dat wordt overigens vooral veroorzaakt door andere bronnen dan de industrie.
    Vanwege de Europese Kaderrichtlijn Water moeten de emissies aan zware metalen in de komende jaren verder worden teruggedrongen. Ook zijn er internationale afspraken gemaakt om de emissies van cadmium, lood en kwik naar de lucht te verminderen. Door de bouw van drie nieuwe kolengestookte energiecentrales en de mogelijke bouw van een kolenvergassingsinstallatie, zal de emissie van kwik waarschijnlijk echter toenemen.

    Emissions to air and surface waters of cadmium, chrome, mercury, lead and zinc coming from Dutch industry, have been reduced, considerably, over the past 20 years. This, according to research into industrial emissions and dispersion of cadmium, chrome, mercury, lead and zinc, conducted by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), by order of the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM).
    In the early 1990s, the national government reached an agreement with the industrial sector about achieving a reduction in emissions of various compounds. Although the agreed on reduction percentages of 70 to 90% have not been achieved for all heavy metals, emission levels have been reduced, significantly.
    Concentrations of cadmium, chrome, mercury, lead and zinc in air and rainwater, in the Netherlands,have been substantially reduced. The concentrations in the air now comply with EU environmental quality standards. Current emission and concentration levels in the air have no adverse effects on human health.
    In Dutch surface waters, levels of cadmium, chrome, mercury, lead and zinc also have been reduced, considerably. Although, with the exception of mercury, target values and environmental quality standards are being exceeded at various locations. These exceedances, however, mainly originate from sources other than industry.
    In accordance with the European Water Framework Directive, emissions of heavy metals need to be brought down further, in the coming years. In addition, international agreements have been made to reduce the emissions to air of cadmium, lead and mercury. However, because of three new coal-fired power stations that are currently under construction, together with a possible new coal gasification plant, mercury emissions are expected to increase again.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    VROM
    Directie Klimaat en Luchtkwaliteit
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