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    Milieukwaliteit en nutrientenbelasting : Achtergrondrapport milieukwaliteit van de Evaluatie Meststoffenwet 2007

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    Authors
    Klijne A de
    Hooijboer AEJ
    Bakker DJ
    Schoumans OF
    Ham A van den
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM rapport 680130001
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    Milieukwaliteit en nutrientenbelasting : Achtergrondrapport milieukwaliteit van de Evaluatie Meststoffenwet 2007
    Translated Title
    Environmental quality and nutrient surplus : Background report on the environmental quality of the Evaluation of the Fertilizers Act 2007
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Door het mestbeleid zijn de stikstof- en fosfaatoverschotten op landbouwbedrijven in Nederland tot 2001 afgenomen. Vanaf 2001 stabiliseren de overschotten. De kwaliteit van de bodem is gelijk gebleven of verslechterd. De kwaliteit van het grondwater is tot 2002 verbeterd, daarna globaal gelijk gebleven. De kwaliteit van oppervlaktewater is verbeterd, al is het voor de periode na 2001 niet duidelijk wat hiervan de reden is. Doordat meer meststoffen (stikstof en fosfaat) worden toegediend dan voor gewasgroei nodig is, ontstaan overschotten. Hierdoor wordt het milieu belast. Het RIVM heeft de invloed van deze overschotten op de kwaliteit van bodem, grond- en oppervlaktewater nabij landbouwbedrijven onderzocht. In het mestbeleid is tot op heden sprake van een fosfaatoverschot op de bodem. Hierdoor is de fosfaatverzadingsgraad van landbouwgronden de afgelopen jaren verder toegenomen. Inmiddels is meer dan 56 procent van de landbouwgronden verzadigd met fosfaat. De Europese norm voor nitraat in het grondwater op landbouwbedrijven wordt nog niet overal gehaald. In klei- en veengebieden is de gemiddelde nitraatconcentratie lager dan de Europese norm. In zand- en lossgebieden wordt deze norm gemiddeld nog overschreden. De concentraties stikstof en fosfaat in het oppervlaktewater blijven dalen, al neemt de daling ten opzichte van eerdere jaren wel af. Meer dan de helft van de locaties (57 procent) in regionale wateren voldoet aan de norm (Maximaal Toelaatbaar Risico) voor fosfaat. Circa 34 procent van de locaties voldoet aan deze norm voor stikstof.
    The manure policy has led to a reduction in the surplus amounts of nitrogen and phosphate on farms in the Netherlands occurring up to 2001. Surplus amounts have stabilised since 2001. The quality of the soil has either remained the same or has deteriorated. The quality of groundwater improved up to 2002 and has remained roughly the same since then. The quality of surface water has improved although it is not clear what has caused this improvement to occur after 2001. A surplus arises when more nitrogen and phosphate based fertilizers are used than is necessary for crop cultivation. This puts a strain on the environment. The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has investigated the effects of these surpluses on the quality of the soil, ground and surface water on and in the direct vicinity of farms. The current manure policy still results in surplus levels of phosphate in the soil. This has led to further increases in the phosphate saturation rate on farmland. Currently, more than 56 percent of farmland areas are saturated with phosphate. The European standard for nitrate levels in groundwater on farms is not always achieved. In clay and peat areas, the average nitrate concentration is lower than the European standard. In sandy and loessy soil areas, the average concentration exceeds this standard. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphate in surface water remain on the decrease, although this decrease is less than it has been in previous years. More than half of the locations (57 percent) in regional waters do meet the standard (maximum permissible risk) for phosphate levels. For nitrogen levels, approximately 34 percent of the locations meet this standard.
    Publisher
    RIZA
    Lelystad
    Alterra
    Wageningen
    Landbouw Economisch Instituut
    Den Haag
    Sponsors
    LNV
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/261642
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