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    AIRFORCE: Aircraft influences and radiative forcing from emissions

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    Authors
    Velders GJM
    Beck JP
    Bolder M
    Bregman B
    Kelder H
    Lelieveld J
    Meijer EW
    Scheeren HA
    Valks PJM
    van Velthoven PFJ
    van Weele M
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    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    AIRFORCE: Aircraft influences and radiative forcing from emissions
    Translated Title
    AIRFORCE: Effecten van vliegtuigen en stralingsforcering van emissies
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Het mondiale vliegverkeer is de laatste decennia sterk gestegen en groeit naar verwachting in de komende 20 jaar met 5-6% per jaar. De emissies van sporengassen door het vliegverkeer, zoals kooldioxide, stikstofoxiden, koolwaterstoffen, zwaveldioxide, waterdamp en roet kunnen effecten hebben op het milieu en direct en indirect bijdragen aan klimaatveranderingen. Het AIRFORCE project (Aircraft Influences and Radiative Forcing from Emissions) is een project van de drie onderzoeksinstituten (IMAU, KNMI en RIVM) die samen het Nederlands Centrum voor Klimaatonderzoek (CKO) vormen. De doelstellingen van AIRFORCE zijn: onderzoek naar het effect van vliegtuigemissies op de samenstelling van de atmosfeer en naar de directe en indirecte effecten van vliegtuigemissies via de stralings-forcering op het klimaat. De modelresultaten laten zien dat NOx emissies van het huidige vliegverkeer een toename veroorzaken van de NOx- en ozonconcentraties in de hoge troposfeer en lage stratosfeer, hetgeen leidt tot een positieve stralingsforcering. In het project is de dynamica en het chemisch mechanisme van enkele drie dimensionale chemie-transportmodellen (CTMK/TM3 en MOGUNTIA) sterk verbeterd. De resultaten van modelberekeningen zijn vergeleken met beschikbare metingen van de STREAM/AIRFORCE en POLINAT campagnes. In het kader van AIRFORCE is een pluimmodel ontwikkeld dat de chemische omzettingen in de pluim direct achter verkeersvliegtuigen beschrijft.<br>
    Global air traffic has increased extensively during the last few decades and is expected to increase further over the next 20 years by about 5-6% per year. Emissions of trace gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulphur oxides, water vapour and soot from aircraft can have environmental effects and contribute directly or indirectly to global warming. The three institutes (IMAU, KNMI en RIVM) that form the Netherlands Centre for Climate Research (CKO) participated in the AIRFORCE project (Aircraft Influences and Radiative Forcing from Emissions). The goals of AIRFORCE are: Research on the effect of aircraft emissions on the composition of the atmosphere and on the direct and indirect effects of aircraft emissions on radiative forcing and climate. The model results indicate that NOx emissions from aircraft cause an increase in the NOx and ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, and a positive radiative forcing. The dynamical and chemical mechanisms of several 3-dimensional chemical-transport models (CTMK/TM3 and MOGUNTIA) have been improved considerable in the project. The results have been compared with available measurements from the STREAM/AIRFORCE and POLINAT campaigns. To account for the chemical conversion and dispersion directly behind an aircraft, an aircraft plume model has been developed in the AIRFORCE project, to translate the aircraft NOx emissions into effective emissions that are used as input in the chemical transport models.<br>
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    DGM/GV
    V&amp;W/RLD
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