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    Towards implementation of bioavailability measurements in the Dutch regulatory framework

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    Authors
    Brand E
    Peijnenburg W
    Goenenberg B
    Vink J
    Lijzen J
    ten Hulscher D
    Jonker C
    Romkens P
    Roex E
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM report 711701084
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Towards implementation of bioavailability measurements in the Dutch regulatory framework
    Translated Title
    Naar het gebruik van biobeschikbaarheid in het Nederlandse bodembeleid
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Een onderzoeksgroep bestaande uit onderzoekers van het RIVM, Alterra, Deltares, Iras en RWS heeft enkele methoden geselecteerd waarmee risicobeoordelingen van verontreinigde bodems nauwkeuriger kunnen worden uitgevoerd. Met deze methoden kan worden bepaald welk gedeelte van stoffen die in de bodem zitten daadwerkelijk vrijkomt en risico's vormt voor planten en dieren in de bodem. Het is wetenschappelijk aangetoond dat alleen deze zogeheten biobeschikbare fractie van de verontreiniging het bodemecosysteem negatief kan beinvloeden. Niet alle delen van verontreinigende stoffen komen in planten of dieren terecht.
    De voorgestelde methoden kunnen de huidige risicobeoordeling aanvullen. De huidige risicobeoordeling van de bodemkwaliteit gebruikt totaalgehalten van verontreinigingen in de bodemecosystemen. Deze manier van risico beoordelen blijkt de risico's van bodemverontreiniging onjuist te kunnen weergeven. De indruk bestaat namelijk dat het meten van totaalgehalten er regelmatig toe leidt dat beleidsnormen worden overschreden, hoewel het ecosysteem niet lijkt aangetast. Vanwege deze overschrijdingen kunnen ingrijpende en vaak kostbare (sanerings-) maatregelen worden opgelegd die echter niet nodig zijn om het ecosysteem te verbeteren.
    De selectie van de methoden is gemaakt op basis van beschikbare wetenschappelijke informatie en een workshop met deskundigen op het gebied van biobeschikbaarheid. De biologische beschikbaarheid van stoffen staat al jaren in de wetenschappelijke belangstelling. Daarbij is meer inzicht verkregen in de interactie tussen bodemorganismen en de manier waarop verontreinigingen chemisch over het bodemecosysteem verspreid raken. Gelijktijdig zijn er methoden ontwikkeld en getest die de biobeschikbaarheid van verontreinigingen kunnen meten.

    A research group composed of RIVM, Alterra, Deltares, IRAS and RWS has selected several methods that can improve the accuracy when used to perform risk assessments of contaminated soils. These methods can be employed to determine which fraction of the contaminants present in the soil is actually biologically available and forms a risk to plants and animals living in the soil. Scientific studies have proven that only the bioavailable fraction of the contaminant is able to exert negative effects on the soil ecosystem. Not all of the contaminants, both in terms of quantity and species, are taken up by plants or animals.
    The proposed methods can supplement the current approach used to perform risk assessments of soil ecosystems in the Netherlands. This assessment is based on the determination of the total contaminant concentration and the prediction of possible impacts from these data. There is an increasing realization, however, that risk evaluations based on the total contaminant concentrations lead to an incorrect assessment of the actual risk, as they may indicate a potential ecological risk when one is not present. This can result in drastic and often costly soil management measures aimed at improving the soil ecosystem - but which are entirely unnecessary.
    The methods were selected on the basis of available scientific information and input from an expert workshop. All methods are in a sufficient state of development to allow for implementation in soil risk evaluation programmes. The bioavailability of chemicals in the environment has been a focus of scientific research for many years. Substantial progress has been made in unraveling the complex interaction between soil biota and the chemical speciation of contaminants in soil environments. At the same time, methods have been developed and tested that reliably extract and analytically determine the (bio)availability of contaminants in the terrestrial environment.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Alterra
    Deltares
    Rijkswaterstaat
    Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences
    Sponsors
    VROM-DP
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