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    Emissies en verspreiding van fluoriden

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    Authors
    Mennen MG
    Boshuis-Hilverdink ME
    van Pul WAJ
    Nguyen PL
    Hogendoorn EA
    van Putten EM
    de Groot GM
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM rapport 609100003
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    Emissies en verspreiding van fluoriden
    Translated Title
    Emission and dispersion of fluorides
    Publiekssamenvatting
    De emissies van fluoriden door de Nederlandse industrie naar lucht en oppervlaktewater, en daarmee de concentraties in lucht, regenwater en gras, zijn tussen 1985 en 2008 sterk afgenomen. De huidige emissies en concentraties in de lucht hebben geen gevolgen voor de gezondheid van mensen, maar mogelijk wel voor bepaalde gewassen en veesoorten. De omvang van de hierdoor ontstane schade aan gewassen en vee is niet bekend. Dit blijkt uit onderzoek naar de industriële emissies en verspreiding van fluoriden die het RIVM in opdracht van het ministerie van VROM heeft gemaakt.
    De fluoridenemissies van de Nederlandse industrie naar lucht en oppervlaktewater zijn in 2008 met respectievelijk 55 en 95% afgenomen ten opzichte van 1985. Begin jaren negentig heeft de overheid met de industrie afspraken gemaakt om de emissies van diverse stoffen te reduceren. De richtinggevende doelstelling om de fluoridenemissies in 2010 met 99% te verminderen ten opzichte van 1985, zal niet worden gehaald. De fluoridenemissies zullen waarschijnlijk niet verder afnemen, tenzij zeer kostbare maatregelen worden ingezet. Fluoriden worden hoofdzakelijk uitgestoten door de keramische industrie, de glasindustrie en de basismetaalindustrie en door kolengestookte elektriciteitscentrales.
    De fluoridenconcentraties in lucht, regenwater en gras zijn op de meeste plaatsen in Nederland flink afgenomen. De achtergrondconcentraties in lucht liggen rond de huidige milieukwaliteitsnormen; de concentraties in de omgeving van bedrijven die veel fluoriden uitstoten liggen erboven. In oppervlaktewater en bodem liggen in vrijwel heel Nederland de fluoridenconcentraties onder de milieukwaliteitsnormen.
    In Nederland worden verschillende meetmethoden gebruikt om fluoridenconcentraties in lucht te meten. Vergelijkingsonderzoek tussen deze methoden is nodig om de concentraties beter te kunnen bepalen.

    Industrial fluoride emissions to air and surface waters in the Netherlands have diminished greatly between 1985 and 2008, and, therefore, so have the concentration levels in the atmosphere, rainwater and grass. Current emission and concentration levels in the atmosphere are of no consequence to human health, but may affect certain crops and cattle breeds. The extent of the resulting possible damage to crops and livestock is unknown. These are the results from research on industrial emission and dispersion of fluorides, conducted by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) by the order of the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM).
    Dutch industrial fluoride emissions to air and surface waters in 2008 diminished by 55 and 95 per cent, respectively, from 1985 levels. In the early 1990s, in an agreement with the Dutch Government, the industrial sector committed to reduce the emissions of various compounds. The indicative target of reducing fluoride emissions by 99 per cent by 2010 will not be achieved. Unless very costly measures are introduced, fluoride emissions are not expected to reduce any further below current levels. Fluorides are being emitted mainly by the ceramic industry, the glass industry, the base metal industry and by coal-fired power plants.
    In the Netherlands, fluoride concentrations in the atmosphere, rainwater and grass have been greatly reduced. Background concentration levels in the atmosphere more or less meet environmental quality standards. However, in the vicinity of companies that emit large amounts of fluoride, emissions exceed these standards. In surface waters and soil, concentration levels in nearly all of the Netherlands are within environmental quality standards.
    In the Netherlands, various methods are used for measuring fluoride concentrations in the atmosphere. Comparative research of these methods is required in order to improve determination of concentration levels.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    VROM
    Directie Klimaat en Luchtkwaliteit
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