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dc.contributor.authorLuttik R
dc.contributor.authorTraas TP
dc.contributor.authorde Greef J
dc.date.accessioned2012-12-12T23:04:01Z
dc.date.available2012-12-12T23:04:01Z
dc.date.issued1992-10-31
dc.identifier719101005
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10029/261918
dc.description.abstractRecently methods have been developed in the Netherlands to assess quality standards for the environment. Maximum permissible concentrations have been derived for direct exposure to environmental media. In 1991 two simple foodchains were analyzed at the RIVM. - Water --> Fish --> Fish-eating birds and/or mammals - Soil --> Worm --> Worm-eating birds and/or mammals. A general algorithm was provided to include secondary poisoning (exposure to contaminated food) in setting quality standards for the environment. The aim of this report is to give recommendations for future research and a concept for a more complicated terrestrial food chain: Soil --> Plant, worm, insect, etc. --> Small bird, small mammal --> Bird and beast of prey. A more precise description of the effects of compounds in the environment and of the factors influencing ecological and toxic effects are given. An overview of existing models dealing with biomagnification is presented. It is proposed to use a food web model based on aggregated groups of animals and plants. Since many species may be present within the system, e.g. plants, worms, insects, etc. and to a less extent in the group of small mammals and birds, it is proposed to aggregate the organisms in these levels in functional groups to reduce the complexity of the system. From this report it is apparent that the following correction factors for the toxicity data should be part of the model - laboratory versus field, - normal versus extreme conditions, caloric conversion, - food assimilation efficiency, pollutant assimilation efficiency and - relative sensitivity. It is recommended to use data from laboratory studies for building the model and to use field data for the validation of the model. Although it is possible to carry out the risk assessment with for instance constant bioaccumulation factors or other parameters, it is recommended also to consider these parameters as stochastic parameters.<br>
dc.description.sponsorshipDGM/SVS/ Leeuwen K van
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.format.extent51 p
dc.format.extent1699 kb
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherRijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
dc.relation.ispartofRIVM Rapport 719101005
dc.relation.urlhttp://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/719101005.html
dc.relation.urlhttp://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/719101005.pdf
dc.subject12nl
dc.subjectecotoxicologienl
dc.subjectwiskundig modelnl
dc.subjectvoedselketennl
dc.subjectbio-accumulatienl
dc.subjectpredatienl
dc.subjectvogelsnl
dc.subjectzoogdierennl
dc.subjectterrestrisch ecosysteemnl
dc.subjectrisiconl
dc.subjectnormstellingnl
dc.subjecttoxische effectennl
dc.subject92-4nl
dc.subjectsecondary poisoningnl
dc.subjecteffect-assessmentnl
dc.subjectdoorvergiftiging; effect-voorspellingnl
dc.subjectecotoxicologyen
dc.subjectmodellingen
dc.subjectfood chainsen
dc.subjectbioaccumulationen
dc.subjectpredationen
dc.subjectbirdsen
dc.subjectmammalsen
dc.subjectterrestrial ecosystemsen
dc.subjectrisksen
dc.subjectstandardsen
dc.subjecttoxic effectsen
dc.titleIncorporation of biomagnification in procedures for environmental risk assessment and standard settingen
dc.title.alternativeIncorporatie van biomagnificatie in methoden voor 1991 risicoschatting in het milieu en het afleiden van normen voor het milieunl
dc.typeReport
dc.date.updated2012-12-12T23:04:01Z
html.description.abstractRecently methods have been developed in the Netherlands to assess quality standards for the environment. Maximum permissible concentrations have been derived for direct exposure to environmental media. In 1991 two simple foodchains were analyzed at the RIVM. - Water --&gt; Fish --&gt; Fish-eating birds and/or mammals - Soil --&gt; Worm --&gt; Worm-eating birds and/or mammals. A general algorithm was provided to include secondary poisoning (exposure to contaminated food) in setting quality standards for the environment. The aim of this report is to give recommendations for future research and a concept for a more complicated terrestrial food chain: Soil --&gt; Plant, worm, insect, etc. --&gt; Small bird, small mammal --&gt; Bird and beast of prey. A more precise description of the effects of compounds in the environment and of the factors influencing ecological and toxic effects are given. An overview of existing models dealing with biomagnification is presented. It is proposed to use a food web model based on aggregated groups of animals and plants. Since many species may be present within the system, e.g. plants, worms, insects, etc. and to a less extent in the group of small mammals and birds, it is proposed to aggregate the organisms in these levels in functional groups to reduce the complexity of the system. From this report it is apparent that the following correction factors for the toxicity data should be part of the model - laboratory versus field, - normal versus extreme conditions, caloric conversion, - food assimilation efficiency, pollutant assimilation efficiency and - relative sensitivity. It is recommended to use data from laboratory studies for building the model and to use field data for the validation of the model. Although it is possible to carry out the risk assessment with for instance constant bioaccumulation factors or other parameters, it is recommended also to consider these parameters as stochastic parameters.&lt;br&gt;


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