In view of the parliamentary elections in May 1994, the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection has evaluated the environmental effects of the election programmes of two political parties: D66 and GroenLinks. This report presents the findings of this evaluation. Four chapters deal with the environmental policy proposals of both parties, their results for social developments (primarly traffic, energy and agriculture) and areas of environmental concern and its environmental costs. The outcomes are presented in respect to the first and second National Environmental Policy Plans (NEPP-1 and NEPP-2). The main conclusion of this first electoral environmental outlook is that when the proposed environmental measures are fully implemented and enforced, environmental pressures will be further reduced. However, the intended measures of GroenLinks and D66 are insufficient to achieve the targets for all areas of environmental concern within the fixed time. However, the environmental policy proposals of GroenLinks have more impact than those mentioned in NEPP-1 and NEPP-2, both in 2000 and 2010. The environmental policy proposals of GroenLinks will lead to a substantial reduction of the emissions of CO2 to probably below the 2000 target level. In addition, the emissions of acidifying substances (particularly NOx and SO2) will be strongly reduced even in comparison to NEPP-2 proposals. The most important impact of the environmental policy proposals of D66 is also an additional reduction of the CO2 emissions, but not as large as the reduction, resulting from the GroenLinks election programme.

The report "Environmental return of the NEPP-2, supplement to the National Environmental Outlook 3" presents in outline the environmental costs and effects of additional policy measures which are proposed in the second National Environmental Policy Plan (NEPP-2) released in December 1993. The report "Environmental return of the NEPP-2, Appendices E to H' underpins its main results in four enclosures. The first enclosure gives for different areas of environmental concern an extensive description of costs and environmental effects of separate proposed measures whose effectiveness is projected for the years 2000 and 2010. Enclosure F describes new national manure policy measures which are focused on the concerns with manure and ammonia. The next enclosure highlights the environmental effectiveness of NEPP-2 measures on the deposition of acidifying substances. The last enclosure deals with the environmental costs of the NEPP-2 measures in proportion to the environmental costs amounted in the last National Environmental Outlook.

In view of the parliamentary elections in May 1994, the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection has evaluated the environmental effects of the election programmes of six political parties: CDA, PvdA, VVD, D66, GroenLinks and RPF. This report presents the findings of the evaluation of the programmes of the first five parties. The main conclusion of this electroral environmental outlook is that the proposed environmental policy proposals have more impact than those mentioned in NEPP-1 and NEPP-2. In the year 2000 most substantial results are seen for emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the most important greenhouse gas. The environmental policy proposals of GroenLinks lead to a substantial CO2 emissions reduction of the emissions of CO2 to probably below the 2000 target level. The PvdA and D66 proposals also result in an additional reduction of the CO2-emissions, but not as large as that realised by GroenLinks. CDA and VVD proposals have the same impact as NEPP-2 measures. The proposed measures of PvdA and GroenLinks reduce emissions of acidifying substances (particularly) NOx and SO2) in comparison to both the NEPP-2 proposals and the environmental policy proposals of the other parties. However, because of the high emissions from foreign sources and the emissions of NOx in the Netherlands, none of the political parties will achieve the acidification (deposition) target. In the year 2010 environmental measures of all parties (except VVD) have more impact than NEPP-2. PvdA is the only political party able to achieve more environmental benefits for equal spending. The GroenLinks proposals result in the largest reduction of CO2-emissions. In comparison to the NEPP-2, full implementation and enforcement of the election programmes of the different parties will lead to an additional reducton of emissions of acidifyingemissions. GroenLinks is most successful in reducing the emissions of SO2, NOx en NH3. Compared to all other parties the election programma of GroenLinks lead to the highest additional increase in costs of environmental policy: 10 percent in aid of the NEPP-2. In addition, all parties propose more taxes for environmental harmful activities.

In view of the parliamentary elections in May 1994, the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection has evaluated the environmental effects of the election programmes of six political parties: CDA, PvdA, VVD, D66, GroenLinks and RPF. In contrast to the quantitative findings concerning the other five parties (RIVM report number 482515002), this note presents the findings of the qualitative evaluation of the election programme of RPF. Three chapters deal with the results of the environmental policy proposals for social developments (primarily traffic, energy and agriculture) and areas of environmental concern and its environmental costs. The outcomes are compared to those of the first and second National Environmental Policy Plans (NEPP-1 and NEPP-2). The main conclusion of this qualitative electroral environmental outlook is that the proposed environmental policy proposals of RPF correspond with those of PvdA and D66. The most outstanding difference between RPF and the two parties is the restructuring of the trafic sector. On this point the RPF policies correspond more closely with GroenLinks. The proposed environmental policy proposals of RPF have more impact than those mentioned in NEPP-1 and NEPP-2, but are insufficient to achieve all targets.

Abstract not available

Emissions of many environmentally damaging substances have, even the last few years, dropped and this, despite a more than average growth of the economy. Carbon dioxide constitutes a major exception here. Emissions of CO2 have indeed only shown increases, although the growth in the last few years is letting up due to savings in energy and the movement of the service industry (a less polluting sector) towards a more prominent position in the economy. In 1998 consumption in the Netherlands reached a record high and is getting even more energy-intensive. Especially spending on electrical equipment, cars and trips abroad has strong increased. Energy-efficiency improvements in equipment and cars have not been successful in compensating for this growth. The quality of water, soil and air has improved in many aspects, but the various policy objectives have not yet been met. Recovery of ecosystems is practically non-existent. Effects on public health do occur, arising particularly from high concentrations of fine particulates and ozone, as well as the continuing high levels of noise pollution.

The first Environmental Data Compendium 1999 is published as a book and on the Internet. The Compendium gives a complete set of information with respect to the state of the Environment in the Netherlands. This Compendium is produced bij National Institute of Public health and the Environment (RIVM) and Statistics Netherlands (CBS).

Het rapport "De drinkwaterkwaliteit in Nederland" is gebaseerd op de resultaten van de monitoringsprogramma's over 1997, die de waterleidingbedrijven uitvoeren ter controle van de drinkwaterkwaliteit en de bebruikte grondstof. Deze meetgegevens worden jaarlijks op grond van de Waterleidingwet aan de Regionale Inspecties milieuhygiene gerapporteerd. Het RIVM heeft de gegevens in samenwerking met de Inspectie Milieuhygiene verwerkt tot een rapport ten behoeve van de Minister, Tweede Kamer, producenten en consumenten van drinkwater. Naar mening van de Inspectie Milieuhygiene blijkt uit de gegevens dat ook voor 1997 de wettelijke voorschriften voor de controle van drinkwater goed zijn nageleefd. Het aantal pompstations waar in 1997 een normoverschrijding is vastgesteld, is ten opzichte van 1996 afgenomen. Dit aantal varieert in de afgelopen periode 91992-1997) van circa 60 tot 90 pompstations. De normwaarden van de parameters ijzer en mangaan worden het vaakst overschreden. Bij tenminste drie grondwaterpompstations wordt minstens 1 bestrijdingsmiddel structureel in het drinkwater aangetoond. Er vindt onderzoek plaats om dit probleem op de lange termijn op te lossen. De oorzaak is een verontreiniging van de grondstof, in deze gevallen dus het grondwater. De concentratie van de gemeten stoffen in het drinkwater is ten opzichte van voorgaande jaren nauwelijks toe- of afgenomen. Er is geen sprake geweest van een bedreiging van de volksgezondheid. De kwaliteit van het drinkwater is in het algemeen goed. Het voortzetten van en goede en betrouwbare drinkwatervoorziening blijft de voortdurende aandacht vragen van de bedrijfstak en van de overheid. Voor de waarborging van de drinkwaterkwaliteit op de langere termijn is het naar mening van de Inspectie Milieuhygiene noodzakelijk dat het milieubeleid gericht blijft op bescherming van de bronnen.<br>

In dit jaarverslag over 1997 zijn de resultaten weergegeven van de metingen van radioactiviteit in milieumonsters uit de atmosfeer uitgevoerd door het Laboratorium voor Stralingsonderzoek (LSO). De analyses zijn uitgevoerd aan monsters luchtstof en depositie genomen op het RIVM-terrein in Bilthoven. Ook zijn mengmonsters melk, gemengd uit melkmonsters afkomstig van vier melkfabrieken verspreid over het land, geanalyseerd.<br>

Abstract niet beschikbaar