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    Agricultural practice and water quality on farms registered for derogation : Results for 2011 in the derogation monitoring network

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    Authors
    Hooijboer AEJ
    van den Ham A
    Boumans LJM
    Daatselaar CHG
    Doornewaard GJ
    Buis E
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM report 680717035
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
    Metadata
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    Title
    Agricultural practice and water quality on farms registered for derogation : Results for 2011 in the derogation monitoring network
    Translated Title
    Landbouwpraktijk en waterkwaliteit op landbouwbedrijven aangemeld voor derogatie : Resultaten meetjaar 2011 in het derogatiemeetnet
    Publiekssamenvatting
    De Europese Nitraatrichtlijn verplicht lidstaten om het gebruik van dierlijke mest te beperken tot 170 kg stikstof per hectare. Landbouwbedrijven in Nederland met ten minste 70% grasland mogen onder bepaalde voorwaarden van deze norm afwijken en 250 kg per hectare gebruiken (derogatie). Nederland is verplicht om op 300 bedrijven die derogatie gebruiken, de bedrijfsvoering en waterkwaliteit te meten en deze resultaten jaarlijks aan de EU te rapporteren. Uit de rapportage over 2011 die het RIVM met het LEI in opdracht van het ministerie van Economische Zaken heeft opgesteld, volgt dat de nitraatconcentratie in het grondwater op deze bedrijven tussen 2007 en 2012 gemiddeld is gedaald.

    Bedrijfsvoering
    Uit de rapportage blijkt ook dat het stikstofgebruik uit dierlijke mest op de derogatiebedrijven in 2011 gemiddeld enkele kilogrammen lager was dan 250 kg stikstof per hectare. De hoeveelheid stikstof die mogelijk als nitraat kan uitspoelen naar het grondwater, wordt mede bepaald door het stikstofbodemoverschot. Dit is het verschil tussen de aanvoer van stikstof (zoals meststoffen) en de afvoer ervan (waaronder via melk). Het stikstofbodemoverschot is gemiddeld over heel Nederland significant gedaald tussen 2006 en 2011.

    Grondwaterkwaliteit
    In 2011 ligt de nitraatconcentratie in het grondwater in de Zandregio met gemiddeld 41 milligram per liter (mg/l) onder de nitraatnorm van 50 mg/l. Bedrijven in de Kleiregio en de Veenregio hebben gemiddeld een lagere nitraatconcentratie (14 en 7 mg/l). Alleen de derogatiebedrijven in de Lössregio zitten gemiddeld met 55 mg/l boven de norm. Het verschil tussen de regio's wordt vooral veroorzaakt door een hoger percentage uitspoelingsgevoelige gronden in de Zand- en Lössregio; dit zijn gronden waar nitraat minder in de bodem wordt afgebroken en daardoor kan uitspoelen naar het grondwater.

    The EU Nitrates Directive obligates member states to limit the use of livestock manure to a maximum of 170 kg of nitrogen per hectare per year. Dutch farms cultivating at least 70 percent of their total area as grassland are allowed to deviate from this requirement under certain conditions, and apply up to 250 kg of nitrogen per hectare (this partial exemption is referred to as 'derogation'). The Netherlands is obligated to monitor agricultural practices and water quality at 300 farms to which derogation has been granted, and to submit an annual report on the results to the EU. The outcome of this study is that the average groundwater nitrate concentration on these farms has decreased during the 2007-2012 period. This report was prepared by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment together with the Agricultural Economics Research Institute of Wageningen University & Research Centre, and commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs.

    Agricultural practices
    The report also shows that, on average, derogation farms in 2011 used a few kilogrammes less nitrogen in livestock manure than the prescribed maximum of 250 kg per hectare. The quantity of nitrogen that can potentially leach into the groundwater in the form of nitrate is partly determined by the nitrogen soil surplus. This surplus is defined as the difference between nitrogen input (e.g. in the form of fertilisers) and nitrogen output (e.g. via milk). On average, the nitrogen soil surplus decreased significantly throughout the Netherlands between 2006 and 2011.

    Groundwater quality
    In 2011, the average groundwater nitrate concentration on derogation farms in the Sand Region amounted to 41 milligrammes per litre (mg/l) and was therefore below the nitrate standard of 50 mg/l. On average, farms in the Clay and Peat Regions have even lower nitrate concentrations (14 and 7 mg/l, respectively). With an average groundwater nitrate concentration of 55 mg/l, only derogation farms in the Loess Region exceed the standard. The difference between the regions is mainly caused by a higher percentage of soils prone to nitrogen leaching in the Sand and Loess Regions. On these soils less denitrification occurs, and more nitrate can therefore leach into the groundwater.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    Ministerie van Economische Zaken
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