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    Dietary exposure to cadmium in the Netherlands

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    Authors
    Sprong RC
    Boon PE
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Dietary exposure to cadmium in the Netherlands
    Translated Title
    Inname van cadmium via het voedsel in Nederland
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Het RIVM heeft in 2015 berekend hoeveel cadmium mensen binnen kunnen krijgen via voeding in Nederland. Uit de berekening blijkt dat kinderen tot de leeftijd van ongeveer 10 jaar gemiddeld meer cadmium binnen krijgen dan wenselijk is. De hoeveelheid cadmium die mensen gemiddeld gedurende hun leven via de voeding binnenkrijgen is echter zodanig laag dat het risico op schadelijke gezondheidseffecten verwaarloosbaar is. Kinderen krijgen naar verhouding meer cadmium binnen, omdat zij per kilogram lichaamsgewicht meer eten dan volwassen. De voedselgroepen granen, aardappels, groente en fruit dragen het meeste bij aan de totale blootstelling (circa 80 procent).<br> <br>Cadmium komt vooral via de bodem in voeding terecht. De stof kan nadelig zijn voor de gezondheid doordat het stapelt in de nieren. Wanneer de concentratie te hoog wordt, kan het de werking van de nieren schaden.<br> <br>Voor de innameberekening van cadmium zijn voldoende concentratiegegevens beschikbaar voor producten als melk, granen, groente, fruit en aardappelen. Van een aantal voedingsmiddelen zijn deze gegevens niet of slechts beperkt beschikbaar, waaronder vlees, pindaproducten, bewerkte cacao, oliezaden (vooral zonnebloempitten), ananas, runder- en varkenslever en bepaalde vissoorten (koolvis, kabeljauw, zalm en haring). Met deze gegevens zou de innameberekening verder kunnen worden geoptimaliseerd.<br> <br>De beschikbare concentratiegegevens van cadmium in producten zijn gecombineerd met voedselconsumptiegegevens van de Voedselconsumptiepeiling (VCP). Daarna is de berekende inname vergeleken met de gezondheidslimiet die voor deze stof geldt. Deze limiet is gebaseerd op de gemiddelde hoeveelheid van een stof waar mensen langdurig dagelijks aan mogen worden blootgesteld, zonder dat dit nadelige gevolgen heeft voor de gezondheid.<br> <br>De gemiddelde cadmiuminname varieert van 0,57 microgram per kilo lichaamsgewicht per dag bij 2-jarigen tot ongeveer 0,20 microgram per kilo lichaamsgewicht per dag op volwassen leeftijd.<br>
    In 2015, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) calculated the dietary intake of cadmium in the Netherlands. The results show that the average intake of cadmium of children up to the age of about 10 is higher than desirable. The average life-long dietary intake of cadmium is however so low that the risk to public health is negligible. Cadmium intake in children is higher than in adults because, children consume more food per kilogramme of body weight than adults do. Cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fruit were the main sources of exposure to cadmium (accounting for approx. 80% of total intake).<br> <br>Uptake from the soil is the main route by which cadmium ends up in food. Cadmium poses health risks because it accumulates in the kidneys. If the concentration becomes too high, it can cause kidney damage.<br> <br>For a number of products, such as milk, cereals, vegetables, fruit and potatoes, sufficient cadmium concentration data were available for the intake calculations. However, for a number of other products no data or only limited data were available. These include meat, peanut-based products, processed cocoa, oil seeds (such as sunflower seeds), pineapple, bovine and pig liver, and some fish species (such as pollock, cod, salmon and herring). Additional data on cadmium concentrations in these foods would make it possible to perform more accurate intake calculations.<br> <br>To calculate the dietary exposure to cadmium in the Netherlands, food consumption data derived from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey were combined with the available data on cadmium concentrations in foods. The calculated intake was then compared to the health-based guidance value for cadmium. This value is based on the daily quantity of cadmium that people may ingest on average over a long period without detrimental consequences to health.<br> <br>The average daily cadmium intake in the Netherlands ranges from 0.57 microgrammes per kilogramme of body weight in two-year-old children to approx. 0.20 microgrammes per kilogramme of body weight in adults.<br>
    Description
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    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    NVWA
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