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    Steviol glycosides in food : Exposure scenarios and health effect assessment

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    Authors
    Tijhuis MJ
    Wapperom D
    Wolterink G
    van Oosterhout CHM
    Temme EHM
    van Klaveren J
    Verhagen H
    Fransen HP
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM letter report 350121001
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Steviol glycosides in food : Exposure scenarios and health effect assessment
    Translated Title
    Steviol glycosiden in voedingsmiddelen : blootstellingsscenarios en beoordeling van gezondheidseffecten
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Het gebruik van steviol glycosiden (extracten van de Stevia plant) als zoetstof in voedingsmiddelen is recent goedgekeurd door de Europese Commissie. De marktintroductie van deze producten zal waarschijnlijk niet leiden tot een gezondheidsprobleem in Nederland. Echter, extreme gebruikers van producten die gezoet worden met steviol glycosides zouden de ADI kunnen overschrijden.

    De potentiële toekomstige blootstelling van Nederlandse kinderen aan steviol glycosides is bekeken met behulp van scenarios. Hiervoor zijn consumptiedata uit de VCP-jonge kinderen (van 2 tot 6 jaar), de EC lijst met maximaal toegestane hoeveelheden en de producten waarin stevia is toegestaan gebruikt. Naast een 'worst case' scenario zijn ook scenarios met marktaandelen berekend. Bij het 10% marktaandeel scenario was de blootstelling van kinderen aan steviol glycosiden 1.7 mg/kg lichaamsgewicht per dag op het 95e percentiel en de ADI van 4 mg/kg lichaamsgewicht per dag werd overschreden door 0.3% van de kinderen. Limonades en frisdranken droegen het meest bij aan de blootstelling.

    Uit een literatuurstudie naar de gezondheidseffecten van steviol glycosiden werd geconcludeerd dat er weinig informatie beschikbaar is over effecten die optreden in combinatie met andere zoetstoffen. Echter, op basis van de aanwezige informatie worden geen nadelige effecten verwacht.

    Monitoring van de blootstelling aan zoetstoffen wordt geadviseerd, zodat potentiële problemen in de toekomst tijdig gesignaleerd en voorkomen kunnen worden.

    Market introduction of products sweetened with steviol glycosides (extracts from the Stevia plant), as recently authorized by the European Committee, is not likely to create a serious health problem in the Netherlands. However, extreme consumers of products sweetened with steviol glycosides may exceed the acceptable daily intake (ADI).

    The potential future exposure of children in the Netherlands to steviol glycosides is explored by means of scenarios. These comprised observational intake data from the DNFCS-young children (aged 2 to 6 years), the EC list of food products that are authorized to contain steviol glycosides and the maximum permitted levels for these products. Besides a worst case scenario, a 10% market share scenario was calculated. In this scenario, dietary exposure to steviol glycosides in children aged 2 to 6 years was 1.7 mg/kg bodyweight per day at the 95th percentile (expressed as steviol equivalents) and the ADI (4 mg/kg bodyweight per day) was exceeded by 0.3% of the children. The most important contributors to exposure to steviol glycosides in children were water-based flavoured drinks.

    From a literature study on health effects it was concluded that little data exist on interactive effects of sweeteners, but from what is available interactive adverse effects are not expected.

    It is advised to monitor exposure to all sweeteners, so that potential problems in the future can be foreseen and acted upon.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    NVWA
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