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    Agricultural practice and water quality at grassland farms registered for derogation in 2013 : Landbouwpraktijk en waterkwaliteit op landbouwbedrijven aangemeld voor derogatie in 2013

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    Authors
    Lukacs S
    de Koeijer TJ
    Prins H
    Vrijhoef A
    Boumans LJM
    Daatselaar CHG
    Hooijboer AEJ
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM report 2015-0072
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Agricultural practice and water quality at grassland farms registered for derogation in 2013 : Landbouwpraktijk en waterkwaliteit op landbouwbedrijven aangemeld voor derogatie in 2013
    Publiekssamenvatting
    De Europese Nitraatrichtlijn verplicht lidstaten om het gebruik van dierlijke mest te beperken tot 170 kg stikstof per hectare. Landbouwbedrijven in Nederland met ten minste 70 procent grasland mochten onder bepaalde voorwaarden van deze norm afwijken en in 2013 250 kilogram per hectare gebruiken (derogatie). Nederland is verplicht om op 300 bedrijven die derogatie inzetten de bedrijfsvoering en waterkwaliteit te meten en deze resultaten jaarlijks aan de EU te rapporteren. LEI Wageningen UR en het RIVM stellen jaarlijks deze rapportage op. Dit rapport beschrijft de situatie in 2013 en de trends voor de periode tussen 2006 en 2014. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat de nitraatconcentratie in het grondwater in deze periode, afhankelijk van de regio, is gedaald of gelijk is gebleven.

    Bedrijfsvoering
    Ook blijkt dat het stikstofgebruik uit dierlijke mest op de derogatiebedrijven in 2013 gemiddeld circa 4 kilogram per hectare lager was dan de maximaal toegestane 250 kilogram stikstof per hectare. De hoeveelheid stikstof die als nitraat kan uitspoelen naar het grondwater wordt onder andere bepaald door het stikstofbodemoverschot. Dit is het verschil tussen de aanvoer van stikstof (zoals meststoffen) en de afvoer ervan (waaronder via melk). Het gemiddelde Nederlandse stikstofbodemoverschot is gedurende de onderzochte periode niet significant veranderd.

    Grondwaterkwaliteit
    In 2013 lag de nitraatconcentratie in het grondwater in de Zandregio (gemiddeld 37 milligram per liter (mg/l)) onder de nitraatnorm van 50 mg/l. Bedrijven in de Kleiregio en de Veenregio hadden gemiddeld een lagere nitraatconcentratie (respectievelijk 11 en 6 mg/l). Alleen de derogatiebedrijven in de Lössregio lagen gemiddeld boven de norm (56 mg/l). Het verschil tussen de regio's wordt vooral veroorzaakt door een hoger percentage uitspoelingsgevoelige gronden in de Zand- en Lössregio; dit zijn gronden waar nitraat in mindere mate in de bodem wordt afgebroken en daardoor meer kan uitspoelen naar het grondwater.

    Pursuant to the EU Nitrates Directive, the member states are required to limit the use of livestock manure to a maximum of 170 kg of nitrogen per hectare per year. Dutch farms growing grass on at least 70 per cent of their total agricultural area were allowed to deviate from this requirement under certain conditions, and apply up to 250 kg of nitrogen per hectare in the form of livestock manure (this partial exemption is referred to as 'derogation'). The Netherlands are required to monitor agricultural practices and water quality at 300 farms which have been granted derogation, and to submit an annual report of the results to the EU. LEI Wageningen UR and RIVM will compile this annual report. This study examines farms that registered for derogation in 2013 and shows trends between 2006 and 2014. The report concludes that the average nitrate concentration in groundwater on these farms has stabilized or decreased in this period.

    Agricultural practice
    This report also shows that, in 2013, derogation farms used on average approximately 4 kg less nitrogen per hectare in the form of livestock manure than the permitted maximum of 250 kg nitrogen per hectare. The quantity of nitrogen that can potentially leach into groundwater as nitrate is partly determined by the nitrogen soil surplus. This surplus is defined as the difference between nitrogen input (e.g. in the form of fertilizers) and output (e.g. via milk). On average, the nitrogen soil surplus has not changed substantially during the period studied.

    Groundwater quality
    In 2013, the average nitrate concentration in groundwater on derogation farms in the Sand Region amounted to 37 milligrams per liter (mg/l) and was therefore below the standard of 50 mg/l. On average, farms in the Clay and Peat Regions had even lower nitrate concentrations (11 and 6 mg/l, respectively). Farms in the Loess Region, showing an average nitrate concentration in groundwater of 56 mg/l, however, exceeded the standard. The difference between the regions is mainly caused by a greater share of soils prone to nitrogen leaching in the Sand and Loess Regions. Less denitrification occurs on these soils, and more nitrate can therefore leach into the groundwater.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    Ministerie van Economische Zaken
    URI
    https://rivm.openrepository.com/handle/10029/560654
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