Uitvoering van maatregelen bij winningen drinkwater : Implementation of measures at drinking water extraction sites
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RIVM briefrapport 2015-0130Type
BriefrapportLanguage
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Uitvoering van maatregelen bij winningen drinkwater : Implementation of measures at drinking water extraction sitesTranslated Title
Stand van zaken mei 2015 : state of affairs in May 2015Publiekssamenvatting
Sinds enkele jaren worden in Nederland programma's opgesteld met afspraken over maatregelen die nodig zijn om de risico's voor de kwaliteit van bronnen van drinkwater weg te nemen of te voorkomen. Of met deze maatregelen Nederland ook zal kunnen voldoen aan de concrete kwaliteitsdoelstellingen van de Europese Kaderrichtlijn Water (KRW) voor bronnen van drinkwater, is nog niet duidelijk. Uit een inventarisatie van het RIVM blijkt dat hierover zorg bestaat bij de betrokken partijen (provincies, drinkwaterbedrijven en waterbeheerders). Wel is de bewustwording van de kwetsbaarheid van de waterwinningen bij deze partijen vergroot, evenals de betrokkenheid om mee te werken aan oplossingen.De programma's zijn onder regie van provincies en waterbeheerders opgesteld. Een van de problemen die bij de bescherming van de kwaliteit van de drinkwaterbronnen speelt is dat verschillende kaders, zoals de Drinkwaterwet en de Wet bodembescherming, van toepassing zijn. Dit geldt bijvoorbeeld voor historische bodemverontreinigingen en het gebruik van mest. Hierdoor kan het voorkomen dat betrokken partijen voldoen aan hun wettelijke verplichtingen voor de bodem maar er toch een probleem blijft bestaan voor de kwaliteit van het water dat bestemd is voor de drinkwatervoorziening.
Daarnaast zijn lozingen van vervuilende stoffen op oppervlaktewater lastig aan te pakken. Dat komt doordat veel partijen, zowel binnen Nederland als daarbuiten, betrokken zijn en ieders verantwoordelijkheid hierin niet helemaal duidelijk is. De Drinkwaterwet biedt hiervoor wel allerlei handvaten, maar die moeten wel nader worden uitgewerkt en in de praktijk gebracht.
In the past few years, programmes have been drawn up in the Netherlands that include agreements on necessary measures for the remediation or prevention of risks affecting drinking water resources. It is still unclear whether these measures will be sufficient to ensure compliance with the specific water quality targets of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) for drinking water resources. An inventory drawn up by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) indicates that this is a matter of concern for the parties involved (provinces, drinking water companies and water authorities). However, the parties involved have become more aware of the vulnerability of abstraction sites and are more willing to help remediate risks.
The programmes were formulated under the direction of provinces and water authorities. Protecting the quality of drinking water resources is made more difficult by discrepancies between the different legal frameworks that apply, such as the Dutch Drinking Water Act and the Dutch Soil Protection Act. This is for instance the case for historical soil contamination and the use of manure. As a consequence, the parties involved may fulfil their legal obligations while water quality problems at an abstraction site remain unresolved.
In addition, discharges of polluting substances into surface water are difficult to tackle due to the large number of parties involved, both in the Netherlands and in other riparian states. In addition, the division of responsibilities is somewhat unclear. Although the Dutch Drinking Water Act does provide guidelines on this matter, these must be further elaborated and implemented.
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