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    Interpretatie van metingen van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen in grondwater in Noord- en Oost- Nederland : Vergelijking van metingen met berekeningen

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    Onderzoeksrapport
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    Authors
    Linden AMA van der
    Steinweg C
    Brink C van den
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM rapport 2016-0163
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    Interpretatie van metingen van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen in grondwater in Noord- en Oost- Nederland : Vergelijking van metingen met berekeningen
    Translated Title
    Analysis of the occurrence of residues of plant protection products in groundwater in the northern and eastern parts of the Netherlands
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Provincies en waterbedrijven in Noord- en Oost-Nederland treffen regelmatig resten van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen aan op de locaties waar zij de kwaliteit van het grondwater meten. In Nederland is het beleid erop gericht te voorkomen dat gewasbeschermingsmiddelen in het milieu terechtkomen, onder andere om de drinkwaterbronnen te beschermen. Bij de provincies ontstond hierop de vraag of de toelatingsprocedure van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen voldoende garanties biedt om de drinkwaterbronnen duurzaam te beschermen.

    Het RIVM concludeert, uit onderzoek dat in samenwerking met Royal HaskoningDHV is uitgevoerd, dat aanvullende informatie nodig is om op basis van de metingen te kunnen bepalen of de toelatingsbeoordeling adequaat is. Er ontbreekt informatie om de meetgegevens goed te kunnen beoordelen. Zo ontbreken gegevens over waar het water vandaan komt, hoe lang het in de bodem zit en of de desbetreffende gewasbeschermingsmiddelen in het intrekgebied zijn gebruikt.

    In het onderzoek zijn de meetresultaten ook vergeleken met berekende concentraties. Dit is gedaan voor zes gewasbeschermingsmiddelen en zes 'afbraakproducten' (metabolieten) hiervan. Hieruit blijkt dat de uitspoeling naar het grondwater per locatie verschilt, zoals dat ook in de rest van Nederland het geval is. Verder waren de gemeten concentraties in het algemeen lager dan berekende concentraties, wat in lijn is met het voorzorgsprincipe. Voor stoffen waarvoor regelmatig hogere concentraties zijn gevonden, zijn namelijk recent de toelatingsvoorwaarden aangescherpt, waardoor in de toekomst lagere concentraties worden verwacht.

    In de toelatingsbeoordeling van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen is tot nu toe nog weinig ervaring opgedaan met het gebruik van grondwatermonitoringsgegevens. Om deze gegevens te kunnen gebruiken voor de toelatingsbeoordeling zou een procedure ontwikkeld en vastgelegd moeten worden. Op basis daarvan kunnen belanghebbenden in de waterketen beter bepalen welke acties zij kunnen ondernemen om de waterkwaliteit te verbeteren.
    Provinces in the northern and eastern parts of the Netherlands and water companies in the same regions detect residues of plant protection products in their monitoring networks. This raised the question whether the authorisation procedure sufficiently protects the drinking water function of the groundwater. This report investigates whether the occurrences indicate flaws in the authorisation procedure of plant protection products.

    Starting point of the investigation was the combined database on findings in groundwater in the region. Six parent substances and six metabolites were selected for further investigation, based on the relative number of detects above the value of 0.1 µg/L and difficulties in removing these substances from water. Vulnerability maps were calculated for each of the substances and the relative vulnerability of the sampling locations established. A further selection of groundwater samples was made on the estimated age of the groundwater and the land use in the infiltration areas. The leaching estimates were compared with the measurements.

    Although for a number of samples the opposite was found, for most samples measurements were below estimated leaching concentrations. For mecoprop and the metabolite chloridazon-desfenyl, however, a relatively large number of samples showed the opposite. For bentazone, approximately 10% of the selected samples showed a concentration above the threshold limit. It should be investigated further whether these findings also reflect current label prescriptions.

    Selected metabolites all appeared to have the status 'non-relevant', indicating that a value of 10 µg/L (instead of 0.1 µg/L) is used as criterion in the authorisation decision.

    The study revealed a number of issues. With regard to the monitoring networks attention should be paid to completing meta-information, the age of the groundwater, the establishment of the infiltration area of each of the sampling filters and the use of substances in the infiltration area. With regard to the substance dossiers, more attention should be paid to the establishment of the transformation routes and the derivation of the fate characteristics of the substances, especially the metabolites.

    Last but not least, the requirements and criteria for decision making on monitoring results should be clarified
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    provincie Drenthe
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/620809
    Collections
    RIVM official reports

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