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    Role of enhanced receptor engagement in the evolution of a pandemic acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus.

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    Authors
    Baggen, Jim
    Hurdiss, Daniel L
    Zocher, Georg
    Mistry, Nitesh
    Roberts, Richard W
    Slager, Jasper J
    Guo, Hongbo
    van Vliet, Arno L W
    Wahedi, Maryam
    Benschop, Kimberley
    Duizer, Erwin
    de Haan, Cornelis A M
    de Vries, Erik
    Casasnovas, José M
    de Groot, Raoul J
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Stehle, Thilo
    Ranson, Neil A
    Thibaut, Hendrik Jan
    van Kuppeveld, Frank J M
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    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Role of enhanced receptor engagement in the evolution of a pandemic acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus.
    Published in
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 2018; advance online publication (ahead of print)
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a painful, contagious eye disease, with millions of cases in the last decades. Coxsackievirus A24 (CV-A24) was not originally associated with human disease, but in 1970 a pathogenic "variant" (CV-A24v) emerged, which is now the main cause of AHC. Initially, this variant circulated only in Southeast Asia, but it later spread worldwide, accounting for numerous AHC outbreaks and two pandemics. While both CV-A24 variant and nonvariant strains still circulate in humans, only variant strains cause AHC for reasons that are yet unknown. Since receptors are important determinants of viral tropism, we set out to map the CV-A24 receptor repertoire and establish whether changes in receptor preference have led to the increased pathogenicity and rapid spread of CV-A24v. Here, we identify ICAM-1 as an essential receptor for both AHC-causing and non-AHC strains. We provide a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of a virus-ICAM-1 complex, which revealed critical ICAM-1-binding residues. These data could help identify a possible conserved mode of receptor engagement among ICAM-1-binding enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. Moreover, we identify a single capsid substitution that has been adopted by all pandemic CV-A24v strains and we reveal that this adaptation enhances the capacity of CV-A24v to bind sialic acid. Our data elucidate the CV-A24v receptor repertoire and point to a role of enhanced receptor engagement in the adaptation to the eye, possibly enabling pandemic spread.
    DOI
    10.1073/pnas.1713284115
    PMID
    29284752
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/621037
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1073/pnas.1713284115
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